BACKGROUND This study investigated the patient's self-report and clinician's confirmation of tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis leakage patterns (through or around) with or without the cough reflex and whether prosthesis diameter affected the leakage route. METHODS Sixty-six consecutive participants with a total of 200 patient-initiated reasons for prosthesis changes were enrolled prospective...

The mechanisms and characteristics of hot carrier stress-induced drain leakage current degradation in thinoxide n-MOSFET’s are investigated. Both interface trap and oxide charge effects are analyzed. Various drain leakage current components at zero V gs such as drain-to-source subthreshold leakage, band-to-band tunneling current, and interface trapinduced leakage are taken into account. The tra...

We disclosed HfO2-based dielectric of superb electrical properties on p-type Si0.8Ge0.2 substrate using an interfacial layer (IL) formed by trimethylaluminum (TMA) pre-treatment and Al scavenger. Our results revealed that the interface trap density (Dit) value gate leakage current (JG) could be improved about 60 times 100 tuning electrode composition without sacrificing equivalent oxide thickne...

objectives: microleakage is a major cause of failure of dental restorations and results in development of secondary caries, tooth hypersensitivity and pulp pathosis. this study aimed to compare the microleakage of class ii cavities filled with two types of composite resins and a compomer and subjected to thermocycling. methods: in this in vitro experimental study, class ii cavities with a gingi...

objectives: microleakage is the main concern in composite restorations. this study aimed to compare the microleakage of two bulk-fill and one conventional composite at two different time points. methods: class ii cavities were prepared in 60 premolar teeth and divided into six groups of 20. groups 1 and 4 were incrementally filled with grandio composite. groups 2 and 5 were filled with x-tra fi...

objectives: this study aimed to compare the durability of four adhesive systems by assessing their microtensile bond strength (mtbs) and microleakage during six months of water storage. materials and methods: a total of 128 human third molars were used. the adhesives tested were scotch bond multipurpose (sbmp), single bond (sb), clearfil-se bond (cseb), and all-bond se (abse). after sample prep...

Carbon leakage remains a topic of crucial importance as long as the international climate regime remains fragmented. In the first part of this paper, we adopt a typology of three distinct channels of carbon leakage and use it as a guide to review the existing literature. In the second part, we investigate the interplay of two forms of leakage, namely specialisation leakage (linked to termsof-tr...

Leakage through microscale or nanoscale cracks is usually hard to observe, difficult to control, and causes significant economic loss. In the present research, the leakage in a pipe was evaluated by the virtual entropy generation (VEG) method. In virtual entropy generation method, the “measured entropy generation” is forced to follow the “experimental second law of thermodynamics”. Taking the l...

The increasing leakage power consumption and stringent thermal constraint necessitate more aggressive leakage control techniques. Power gating and body biasing are widely used for standby leakage control. Their large energy overhead for performing mode transition is the major obstacle for more aggressive leakage control. Temperature and process variation (TV/PV) further magnify the overhead pro...