ireless sensor networks are composed of large number of tiny sensor nodes that are used to observe, monitor and collect data about a certain phenomenon of interest. Wireless sensor networks are often deployed randomly due to the harsh environments and their hard to reach locations. The sensor nodes used in wireless sensor networks are energy constrained. Energy efficiency is thus the main conce...

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is built from a network of devices referred to as nodes, which can sense the environment and are used to communicate the required information collected from monitored fields. The communication and collection of information is done with the help of wireless links, where each node is linked to one or a number of sensors. The nodes in turn are deployed in large numb...

LEACH in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) achieves good performance with reserving energy consumption and decreasing system delay. LEACH protocol does not consider a security issue for ensuring the protection of the network. So the security in LEACH is a complicated task. were we improved the LEACH protocol called a novel algorithm to select cluster heads with highest and balanced energy in wire...

When some nodes cooperatively track moving targets in a wireless sensor network, things including network working node selection and energy consumption are influenced. Thus, this paper proposes an improved algorithm LEACH-MTC (LEACH with Moving Target Constraint) based on low adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH). First, the two-step linearization of nonlinear dynamic model, state targ...

Soil-based wastewater treatment systems, or leachfields, rely on microbial processes for improving the quality of wastewater before it reaches the groundwater. These processes are affected by physicochemical system properties, such as O2 availability, and disturbances, such as the presence of antimicrobial compounds in wastewater. We examined the microbial community structure of leachfield meso...

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are spatially distributed micro sensor systems. WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten the life time of the system. Prolonging the life time depends on efficient communication protocol architecture. LEACH hierarchical homogeneous communication protocol which greatly minimizes the energy consumed in collecting an...