in this work, the effect of presence of the sodium tripolyphosphate (stpp), as an inorganic salt, on improving the performance of polyamide (pa) thin layer membranes has been studied. characterization analyses confirmed the presence of the salt on the whole surface structure of the thin layer. different salt loadings resulted in different fluxes and cu (ii) rejections. the thin layer containing...

objective: during recent years, opium consumption has increased among iranian diabetic men. the belief that opium consumption can control or even eradicate dm is increasing. this study was conducted to compare the blood sugar, hba1c, lipid profile and the frequency of diabetes complications in male type ii diabetic patient with and without opium consumption. materials and methods: two hundred t...

As a method to reduce atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), this greenhouse gas can be separated at large point-sources, compressed and injected into geological formations such as saline aquifers. Several physical features of the fluids and the rock sequester the CO2 in the pores of the rock for geologic time-scales. One such feature is dissolution into the brine, which increases the d...

The paper presents a solution to the two-century old problem of how solar activity influences biological objects on Earth. It gives a description of the modern state of the kT-problem, which for a long time has been the most difficult obstacle in the way of explaining solar activity effects. Based on recent advances in spin chemistry, magnetoplasticity physics, and physics of critical condition...

Upon ratification, the recent climate treaty negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, would require the United States and other developed nations to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases below 1990 levels by the year 2010. Because most anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions (particularly CO2) come from the use of fossil energy, this agreement has the potential to affect the entire fabric of society. He...

As a remote sensing technique, lidar is a staple of atmospheric measurement techniques. Short-wavelength scattering allows measurements from molecular and particle or aerosol components of the atmosphere. These features are of particular importance to studies of weather, climate, and the underlying radiative transfer processes that drive them. Furthermore, these quantities or the scattering pro...

Atmospheric electricity has been detected in all gaseous giants of our solar system and is therefore likely present also in extrasolar planets. Building upon measurements from Saturn and Jupiter, we investigate how the electromagnetic pulse emitted by a lightning stroke affects upper layers of a gaseous giant. This effect is probably significantly stronger than that on Earth. We find that elect...

Testosterone secreted from the testis is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in target tissues by 5 alpha-reductase and DHT exerts its action on the nucleus. Since skin is one of the target tissues of androgen we established a system for culturing human skin fibroblasts, and we investigated the conversion of testosterone to DHT in genital and nongenital skin fibroblasts obtained from males a...

introduction: the most important aims of root canal preparation are the removal of vital pulp tissue, remaining necrotic debris and infected dentin, eliminating the bulk of bacteria present in the root canal system. the aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of hand k-flexofiles and rotary race and k3 instruments in root canal preparation. materials and methods: a total of 60 si...