The genus Empodisma comprises two species that are ecologically important in wetland habitats. Empodisma gracillimum is restricted to south-western Australia, whereas Empodisma minus is found in Tasmania, eastern Australia and New Zealand. We sequenced three cpDNA genes for 15 individuals of Empodisma sampled from throughout the range of the species. The results support an Australian origin for...

This paper deals with finding the optimum tilt angle of solar panels for energy applications. The objective is to maximize output electrical photovoltaic (PV) modules. A mathematical model was used determine collectors in Senegal on a daily and monthly basis, as well specific period. Then, configuration analyzed by studying four cases different typical climatic zones Senegal. On horizontal plan...

We report a study in Drosophila melanogaster of latitudinal clines for 23 SNPs embedded in 13 genes (Pgi, Gapdh1, UGPase, Pglym78, Pglym87, Eno, Men, Gdh, Sod, Pgk, Mdh1, TreS, Treh) representing various metabolic enzymes. Our samples are from 10 populations spanning latitude from southern Florida to northern Vermont. Three new clines with latitude were detected. These are the amino acid polymo...

The rarity of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing trees in higher-latitude compared to lower-latitude forests is paradoxical because higher-latitude soils are relatively N poor. Using national-scale forest inventories from the United States and Mexico, we show that the latitudinal abundance distribution of N-fixing trees (more than 10 times less abundant poleward of 35 degrees N) coincides with a latitud...

A new !O map of southern Nevada groundwater shows a systematic decrease in !O of !5‰ from 36" to 39"N latitude. The variation is consistent with higher-latitude recharge following continuous flow paths along north-south trending graben valleys and systematically increasing in !O due to mixing with lower-latitude, higher-!O recharge. The data do not suggest that large masses of groundwater with ...

A latitudinal pattern in coastal air-sea CO2 flux has emerged where mid-and high-latitude shelves act as net sinks and low-latitude sources to the atmosphere. Regional studies, however, report mid-latitude Scotian Shelf (SS) at eastern Canadian seaboard acts a large source of CO2, contradicting several global syntheses. Here, we combine observations regional biogeochemical model explain, for fi...

This study analyzes a three-member ensemble of experiments, in which 0.1 Sv of freshwater was applied to the North Atlantic for 100 years in order to address the potential for large freshwater inputs in the North Atlantic to drive abrupt climate change. The model used is the GFDL R30 coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model. We focus in particular on the effects of this forcing on the...

Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, is a temperate catadromous fish with a long migratory loop and lengthy leptocehalus stage. Its freshwater distribution ranges from Taiwan, through Mainland China, Korea, and north to Japan (Tesch 2003). The spawning ground of this species is presumed to be in the western Mariana Islands near 14–16 N 142 E (Tsukamoto 1992, 2006). The leptoceph...

The differences in North African dust emission regions and transport routes, between the boreal winter and summer, are thoroughly documented. Here we re-examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of dust transport over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, using 10 yr of satellite data, in order to better characterize the different dust transport periods. We see a robust annu...

We aimed to describe the vitamin D status of young women living in two Chinese cities in the spring--Beijing in the north (latitude 39 degrees north) and Hong Kong (latitude 22 degrees north) in the south. We also examined the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations to determine a threshold for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D above which there is no...