OBJECTIVE We have used diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) for the evaluation of the somatotopic organization of corticospinal tracts (CSTs) in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and cerebral peduncle (CP). MATERIALS AND METHODS We imaged the brains of nine healthy right-handed subjects. We used a spin-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence with 12 diffusion-sensitized directi...

Disabilities after brain injury in very preterm infants have mainly been attributed to noncystic periventricular white matter injury (PWMI). We analyzed spatiotemporal patterns of PWMI in the brains of 18 very preterm infants (25-29 postconceptional weeks [pcw]), 7 preterm infants (30-34 pcw), and 10 preterm controls without PWMI. In very preterm infants, we examined PWMI in detail in 2 axonal ...

Terrible triad elbow injuries, consisting of fractures of the radial head and coronoid with ulnohumeral dislocation, are challenging to treat. They require a comprehensive understanding of the complex anatomy of the elbow to effectively treat all of the pathology and create a stable, congruent joint. The authors present a case of a terrible triad injury with avulsion of the triceps and flexor-p...

to study genetic diversity and drought tolerance in sesame genotypes, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2010-2011 was conducted at the agricultural research field, university of birjand under stress and non-stress conditions. the aim of this study was the testing of yield, tolerance index and bi-plot analysis. materials included genotypes birjand, kh...

PURPOSE To report outcomes in 6 patients with the terrible triad of the elbow treated with our modified protocol. METHODS 6 men aged 26 to 54 years underwent surgery for the terrible triad of the elbow by a single surgeon. All the patients had a displaced comminuted fracture of the radius, posterior dislocation of the elbow, and Morrey type-I fracture of the coronoid. They all underwent repla...

In 1879, the French surgeon Segond described the existence of a 'pearly, resistant, fibrous band' at the anterolateral aspect of the human knee, attached to the eponymous Segond fracture. To date, the enigma surrounding this anatomical structure is reflected in confusing names such as '(mid-third) lateral capsular ligament', 'capsulo-osseous layer of the iliotibial band' or 'anterolateral ligam...

The polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae defines over ninety serotypes, which differ in their carriage prevalence and invasiveness for poorly understood reasons. Recently, an inverse correlation between carriage prevalence and oligosaccharide structure of a given capsule has been described. Our previous work suggested a link between serotype and growth in vitro. Here we investigat...

BACKGROUND The Latarjet procedure addresses recurrent anterior shoulder instability in the context of a significant bony defect. However, the bony and soft tissue anatomy of the coracoid in coracoid transfer procedures has not yet been defined in Mongolian men. The aims of this study were to describe the soft tissue attachments of the coracoid regarding the bony anatomy, define the average amou...

BACKGROUND Anterior shoulder dislocation causes injury to the inferior gleno-humeral ligament (IGHL) and capsule. Clinical manoeuvres currently used to evaluate the IGHL test for, and may induce, apprehension. We developed the hyper extension-internal rotation (HERI) test to assess the IGHL and inferior capsule without causing apprehension or inducing a risk of gleno-humeral dislocation. HYPO...

PURPOSE During their differentiation, lens fiber cells elongate, detach from the lens capsule, associate at the sutures, and degrade all cytoplasmic membrane-bound organelles. Changes in the expression or organization of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton-associated proteins were correlated with these events during fiber cell differentiation in chicken embryos. METHODS Fixed or living lenses were...