Stressful environmental conditions during mosquito larval development may enhance susceptibility of adult mosquitoes to viral pathogens. Although anti-viral defense system in mosquitoes remains uncertain, stress-related enhancement of mosquito susceptibility to viral pathogens may be due to alteration of signaling pathways such as the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways. To test the influ...

Otolith-based reconstructions of daily larval growth increments were used to examine the effect of variation in larval growth on size and age at settlement and post-settlement growth, survival and habitat preferences of juvenile bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus Poey). During August 1992 and 1994, newly settled S. partitus were collected from Montastraea coral heads and Porites rubble pile...

BACKGROUND Wolbachia has been deployed in several countries to reduce transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. During releases, Wolbachia-infected females are likely to lay their eggs in local available breeding sites, which might already be colonized by local Aedes sp. mosquitoes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to estimate the deleterious effects of intra and interspecific lar...

Larval stages can be astonishingly different from their adult forms. A new study in acorn worms shows that the whole larval body is patterned only with a subset of anterior genes, revealing the intricate developmental bases that underlie the evolution of larval forms.

The apical organ of ciliated larvae of cnidarians and bilaterians is a true larval organ that disappears before or at metamorphosis. It appears to be sensory, probably involved in metamorphosis, but knowledge is scant. The ciliated protostome larvae show ganglia/nerve cords that are retained as the adult central nervous system (CNS). Two structures can be recognized, viz. a pair of cerebral gan...

Many species of Drosophila form conspecific pupa aggregations across the breeding sites. These aggregations could result from species-specific larval odor recognition. To test this hypothesis we used larval odors of D. melanogaster and D. pavani, two species that coexist in the nature. When stimulated by those odors, wild type and vestigial (vg) third-instar larvae of D. melanogaster pupated on...

Possible roles of algae (i.e. “green water”) in facilitating Macrobrachium rosenbergii larviculture have been investigated in the present study. Three types of algae were mixted with shrimp larval feed. Algal members were belonging to the family like Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Charophyceae respectively. Algal mixture was applied with control feed, showed better result in shrimp larval deve...

The first four larval stages of the pandalid shrimp Chlorotocus crassicornis (A. Costa, 1871) are described and illustrated from laboratory-reared material obtained from ovigerous females collected in the southwestern Spain and south Taiwan. The second to fourth larval stages of this species are reported for the first time to science. Detailed examination of the first larval stages reveals that...

The complete larval development of the sesarmid crab Perisesarma fasciatum (Lanchester, 1900) from Singapore was obtained from laboratory culture. All four zoeal stages, the megalopa and the first crab stage are described and illustrated. The morphological characteristics of the larvae of P. fasciatum are compared with those of other known larvae of the genera Perisesarma and Parasesarma. The l...

the leaf-miner fly, liriomyza sativae (blanchard), is one of the major insect pests of vegetable crops in iran and other countries. to determine the toxicity (lc50) of bioinsecticides abamectin 1.8% ec, cyromazine 75% wp and spinosad 24% sc against l. sativae, bioassay was done on its larval and adult stages under 25 â± 1â°c, 65 â± 5% r.h. and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (l: d). the lc50 values foun...