Although changes in phenology and species associations are relatively well-documented responses to global warming, the potential interactions between these phenomena are less well understood. In this study, we investigate the interactions between temperature, phenology (in terms of seasonal timing of larval growth) and host plant use in the polyphagous butterfly Polygonia c-album. We found that...

Two hundred and ninety-eight rearing records and 87 larvae and puparia were obtained of seven species of Palloptera Fallén (Diptera, Pallopteridae), mainly in Scotland during 2012-2013. The third stage larva and puparium of each species were assessed morphologically and development sites and feeding modes investigated by rearing, observation and feeding tests. Early stages appear to be distingu...

A liquid diet for rearing Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was developed. Several yeast-based products were evaluated as diet ingredients, and a combination of whole cell yeast (LBI2240) and hydrolyzed yeast (such as FNILS65) in 1:1Ð3:1 ratio was selected for use in the study. Larvae reared in a liquid dietwithLBI2240:FNILS65 ratios of either 1:1 or 3:1 resulted in the same...

In vitro honeybee rearing technique was simplified and sophisticated by monitoring the amount of food given to each larva. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L) were reared in individual queen cell cups by feeding them 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg and 300 mg basic larval diet. The survival rates were lower in 300 mg food (12.7%) due to drowning of larvae at the later larval stages and at the 100 mg fo...

When workers of the thelytokous Cape honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis, come into contact with colonies of the neighboring arrhenotokous subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata, they can become lethal social parasites. We examined the inheritance of 3 traits (number of ovarioles, number of basitarsal hairs, and size of spermatheca) that are thought to be associated with reproductive potential in A...

The aerobic bacterial flora in the gut of turbot larvae and their influence on larval survival was examined. Two turbot experiments were run with six replicates each time. Large variation, from 0% up to 44%, was observed in the survival percentage of turbot larvae. There was no correlation between the number of bacteria present in the gut of turbot larvae and the larval survival rate. During bo...

Pupation of mature larvae of several species of tenebrionid beetles is inhibited by crowding. The magnitude of the inhibition varies according to species. The primary factor causing this inhibition is the mechanical stimulation resulting from inter-larval contacts. Cannibalism of prepupae, pupae and teneral adults is discussed as the probable chief factor responsible for the evolution of the in...