Although we are witnessing an increasing interest in the comparative study of environmental pollution in the social sciences, there is sharp disagreement over how the state of the environment and the changes in recent decades should be assessed. Furthermore, the debate on environmental policy has no conceptual focus on societal development. Therefore, the article presents, on the one hand, an i...

This analysis reflects on the importance of political parties, and the policies they implement when in government, in determining the level of equalities/inequalities in a society, the extent of the welfare state (including the level of health care coverage by the state), the employment/unemployment rate, and the level of population health. The study looks at the impact of the major political t...

Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2005 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2004/05 in 96 developing countries is 36.7%, in 25 transition countries 38.8% and in 21 OECD countries 14.8%. An increased burden of taxation and social security con...

In this paper, relations among the membership values of gener- alized fuzzy languages such as intuitionistic fuzzy language, interval-valued fuzzy language and vague language are studied. It will aid in studying the properties of one language when the properties of another are known. Further, existence of a minimized nite automaton with vague ( final) states for any vague regular language recog...

in recent decades, persian language dialects are also changing along with the language itself. so, recording the social characteristics of these dialects is of great importance. the results of these studies can be used in social and educational policies, language planning and comparative studies of dialectology. the writers of this article study the social characteristics of family and gender e...

Co-existence of disorders--including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, tic disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and autism spectrum disorder--and sharing of symptoms across disorders (sometimes referred to as comorbidity) is the rule rather than the exception in child psychiatry and developmental medicine. The acronym ESSENCE refers to Early Symp...

We have seen that if X X1 + · · · + Xn is a sum of independent {0, 1} random variables, then X is tightly concentrated around its expected value …[X]. The fact that the random variables were {0, 1}-valued was not essential; similar concentration results hold if we simply assume that they are in some bounded range [−L, L]. One can also relax the independence assumption, as we will see next. Cons...