Shape-from-shading and shape-from-texture methods have the serious drawback that they are applicable only to smooth surfaces, while real surfaces are often rough and crumpled. TO extend such methods to real surfaces we must have a model that also applies to rough surfaces. The fractal surface model [Pentland 831 provides a formalism that is competent to describe such natural 3-D surfaces and, i...

We consider the classical Wright–Fisher model with mutation and selection. Mutations occur independently in each locus, and selection is performed according to the sharp peak landscape. In the asymptotic regime studied in [3], a quasispecies is formed. We find explicitly the distribution of this quasispecies, which turns out to be the same distribution as for the Moran model.

S. Missall, M. Welp, N. Thevs, A. Abliz, and Ü. Halik Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China Faculty of Mathematics and Geog...

M. Staab ([email protected]) and A.-M. Klein, Inst. of Ecology, Leuphana Univ. of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany, and: Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Inst. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, DE-79106 Freiburg, Germany. – N. Blüthgen, Dept of Biology, Technical Univ. Darmstadt, Schnittsp...

This contribution is based on the assumption that solutions to most environmental problems will require the application of knowledge based on an understanding of how ecosystems and landscapes function and how they are linked in time and space. I also assume that almost all plans to solve environmental problems will be made with the knowledge that they are based on a limited and imperfect scient...

In this paper I describe some of the ways in which landscape ecology principles have been incorporated into land use planning and change. In Scotland we have tried developing landscape-scale or regional plans for land use change to resolve issues of habitat fragmentation – the ‘big plans’ of the title. We have also developed ‘little plans’ – much smaller proposals based on individual designated...

Searching for technological and organizational innovations is a fundamental activity in social systems. Recent work in this area has focused on the notion of firms locally searching for high points on a “fitness landscape.” Here we show how the presence of neutral networks forming pathways of temporarily inconsequential changes can alter the potential of innovation in such worlds. In particular...

Mosaics are orbits of partitions arising from music theoretical investigations. Various theorems from the field of “enumeration under finite group actions” are applied for enumerating mosaics. In other words, it is demonstrated how to enumerate G-orbits of partitions of given size, block-type or stabilizer-type.

Thousands of Late Pleistocene remains are found in sites throughout Beringia. These specimens comprise an Ice Age genetic museum, and the DNA contained within them provide a means to observe evolutionary processes within populations over geologically significant time scales. Phylogenetic analyses can identify the taxonomic positions of extinct species and provide estimates of speciation dates. ...

The overall aim of this dissertation was to study the public’s preferences for forest regeneration fellings and field afforestations, as well as to find out the relations of these preferences to landscape management instructions, to ecological healthiness, and to the contemporary theories for predicting landscape preferences. This dissertation includes four case studies in Finland, each based o...