PURPOSE To evaluate the association between the AL/CR ratio and refractive state and explore the effectiveness of this ratio in the assessment of myopia, especially when combined with uncorrected visual acuity in schoolchildren among whom myopia is common. METHODS Cross sectional study. 4686 children from 6 primary schools, aged from 6 to 12 years were selected using the clustered-stratified ...

The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which includes five major operons (LEE1 through LEE4 and tir), enables enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 to produce attaching and effacing lesions on host cells. Expression of LEE2, LEE3, and tir is positively regulated by ler, a gene located in LEE1. Transcriptional regulation of the esp operon (LEE4), however, is not well defined. Tran...

Previous studies of the auditory P300 event-related potential (ERP) from our laboratory have reported a left- greater than right-sided attenuation in medicated chronic schizophrenics compared with normal controls. A possible confound in these studies has been the use of the linked-ear reference (LER), which has been criticized on the grounds that it might either induce or suppress topographic a...

OBJECTIVE To describe the differences in socio-economic characteristics and body measurements between low, adequate and high energy reporting (LER, AER and HER) teenagers; furthermore, to investigate the relationship to misreporting mothers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Habitual dietary intake was reported in a questionnaire. Classification into LER, AER and HER using the Goldberg equation w...

Line Edge Roughness (LER), caused by tolerances inherent to materials and tools used in lithography processes, is not a new phenomenon. Yet, the imperfections caused by LER have caused little worry over the years since the critical dimensions of MOSFETs were almost two orders of magnitude larger than the roughness. However, as the aggressive scaling of Si-MOSFETs continues to the sub-100 nm reg...

In this paper we investigated the line edge roughness (LER) effects on the 22-nm and 14nm inversion mode (IM) and jounctionless (JL) FinFETs by TCAD simulation. We examined the gate LER (GLER) effects and the fin LER (FLER) effects on the device variability separately. The simulation results show that the GLER-induced device variations will increase as the channel length decrease as expectation...

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) restores the contractile and metabolic dysfunction in coronary microembolization and that these beneficial effects of SOD are attributable to the restoration of 5'-nucleotidase activity and subsequent augmentation of adenosine release. METHODS AND RESULTS In 78 dogs before and after a...

Transcription of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is regulated by the LEE-encoded Ler and GrlR/GrlA proteins as well as the non-LEE-encoded regulator QseA. This work demonstrates that GrlR/GrlA activate LEE2 transcription in a Ler-independent fashion, whereas transcription of grlRA is activated by QseA in both Ler-dependent and -indepen...

Leaf elongation rate (LER) in grasses is dependent on epidermal cell supply (number) and on rate and duration of epidermal cell elongation. Nitrogen (N) fertilization increases LER. Longitudinal sections from two genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), which differ by 50% in LER, were used to quantify the effects of N on the components of epidermal cell elongation and on mesophy...

in order to study the effects of cropping systems and mulch application in relay intercropped styrian pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) with chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural research station, college of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during growing s...