Sedimentary records of plant-wax hydrogen (dDwax) and carbon (d Cwax) stable isotopes are increasingly applied to infer past climate change. Compound-specific radiocarbon analyses, however, indicate that long time lags can occur between the synthesis of plant waxes and their subsequent deposition in marginal marine sediments. The influence of these time lags on interpretations of plant-wax stab...

Quantifying methane (CH4) emissions from lakes is important for regional and global greenhouse gas emission inventories. However, regional and global estimates suffer from methodologically inconsistent data sets and from the situation that systematic flux measurements are presently available only for some regions in the world. In particular, many temperate regions dominated by agricultural land...

Introduction: The existence of probable lakes on Mars has been recognized for more than two decades [1-4]. Lakes can either be open-basins with both inlet valley(s) and an outlet valley [e.g., 5], or they can be closed-basins that lack an outlet [e.g., 6]. Although both open-and closed-basin lakes were likely present on early Mars, open-basin lakes are easier to study, and we can have higher co...

Introduction: We propose Terby Crater as a potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). Terby Crater is a large (D=164 km), Noachian-aged [1] crater located on the northern rim of Hellas (28S, 287W). Topographic, morphologic and stratigraphic evidence of Hellas suggests that the interior fill of Hellas was deposited in water [2], and that Hellas may have been the site of a basi...

BACKGROUND The Balkans are a major worldwide biodiversity and endemism hotspot. Among the freshwater biota, amphipods are known for their high cryptic diversity. However, little is known about the temporal and paleogeographic aspects of their evolutionary history. We used paleogeography as a framework for understanding the onset of diversification in Gammarus roeselii: (1) we hypothesised that,...

Lake sediment cores and cosmogenic exposure (CE) dates constrain the pattern of deglaciation and evolution of climate across Baffin Island since the last glacial maximum (LGM). CE dating of erratics demonstrates that the northeastern coastal lowlands became ice-free ca.14 ka as the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) receded from its LGM margin on the continental shelf. Coastal lakes in southeastern Baf...

Almost 230 years after it was first described, formation of the mineral dolomite remains enigmatic. Dolomitic rocks are abundant throughout geological record, and most thought to form by replacement limestone. Recent work has identified substantial volumes high-temperature primary deposited in Cretaceous lacustrine rift basins Northern China. Here we provide missing conceptual understanding fun...