1. The concentrations of acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and metabolites related to gluconeogenesis were determined in biopsy samples of the livers of ketotic, normal lactating and normal non-lactating cows. Key enzymes of gluconeogenesis in the liver were also assayed. 2. Significant decreases were found in the ketotic liver in the concentrations of glucogenic amino acids (glutamate, glutam...

In altricial species, early pre- and neonatal undernutrition interferes with the neuronal organization of several brain structures that have critical time windows for synaptic organization, including the prefrontal cortex. In Golgi-Cox stained tissue the basilar dendritic arbor of pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of early underfed adult lactating dams was evaluated. The anteri...

Activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by psychosocial stress is attenuated during lactation. We tested the hypothesis that lactating ewes will have attenuated HPA axis responses to isolation and restraint but will have greater responses to predator stress in the form of barking dogs. We imposed two 4 h stressors: psychosocial stress (isolation and restraint of ewes) and pre...

Introduction: Lactation and postmenopausal osteoporosis are two hypoestrogenic physiological states that induce substantial changes in the bone mass and microarchitecture of women. During lactation, the body draws on calcium stores in the skeleton for milk production, resulting in substantial bone loss. In postmenopausal osteoporosis, ovarian hormone deficiency is responsible for bone loss [1,2...

Mice selected for aggressiveness (long and short attack latency mice; LALs and SALs, respectively) constitute a useful tool in studying the neural background of aggressive behavior, especially so as the SAL strain shows violent forms of aggressiveness that appear abnormal in many respects. By using c-Fos staining as a marker of neuronal activation, we show here that agonistic encounters result ...

Introduction Lactation and postmenopausal osteoporosis are two hypoestrogenic physiological states that induce substantial changes in the bone mass and microarchitecture of women. During lactation, the body draws on calcium stores in the skeleton for milk production, resulting in substantial bone loss. In postmenopausal osteoporosis, ovarian hormone deficiency is responsible for bone loss. What...

the calcium status of lactating, non-lactating, and male sheep on farm in southwestern punjab, pakistan was studied. pasture and animal were sampled at the end of the first month of summer and winter. all samplings were carried out fortnightly. a mineral supplement was available to all animals throughout the year. plasma calcium in all animals was not affected by the physiologic state and gende...

It has been shown that the capacity of epididymal fat pads (l), diaphragm (2, 3), and liver slices (2) to incorporate amino acid carbon into proteins is lower when those tissues are excised from unfed rather than from fed rats. The addition of glucose to the incubation media containing those tissues from unfed rats increases the incorporation to about the level observed when the same tissues ar...

Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the lateral and ventrolateral caudal periaqueductal gray (cPAGl,vl) of lactating rats are known to severely reduce suckling-induced kyphosis (upright crouched nursing), which is necessary for maximal litter weight gains, and impair sexual behavior during the postpartum estrous, while heightening nursing in other postures and attacks on unfamiliar adult male int...

Lipogenesis from propionate-l-Cl4 was first reported by Feller and Feist (2) in slices of liver and adipose tissue. Favarger and Gerlach (3, 4) and Masoro and Porter (5) recently studied the incorporation of propionate-1-V into fatty acids of rat and mouse adipose tissue in viva and in vitro. The incorporation of propionate, compared with that of acetate, was quite low. Favarger and Gerlach (4)...