CONTEXT Clinically preferred maternal position during childbirth has varied between supine and nonsupine over time and from patient to patient. Preferred maternal birthing position is coming under increasing scrutiny. OBJECTIVE To compare postpartum maternal and infant outcomes resulting from supine and nonsupine positions maintained during the second stage of labor. DESIGN AND METHODS Nonr...

Th e second stage of labor starts aft er your cervix has dilated (opened) to 10 centimeters (about 4 inches), and it continues until your baby fi nishes moving through your vagina and is born. During this time, you will push or bear down (like you do when you have a bowel movement) to help your baby come out. Th e second stage of labor can last from a few minutes to a few hours. It may last lon...

background: children and adolescent smoking is one of the most important health problems in the world. there is a major concern that child labor may generate a pseudo maturity syndrome, including smoking.the current survey focus on smoking behavior, knowledge and attitude of child labor are working in tehran. m aterials and methods: the study adopted a cross-sectional design, based on a primary...

Background: Fetal male gender may affect the progression of labor and could be a risk factor for labor arrest. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fetus gender on labor curve.    Methods: In this cohort study, 1550 singleton term pregnant women in labor phase (either spontaneous or by induction) were enrolled. Results of regular cervical examination, dilation, length o...

OBJECTIVE To compare current practices for the active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) with the use of 600 mug of oral misoprostol. METHODS An operations research study was designed to compare blood loss with current AMTSL practices and misoprostol use. RESULTS Women in the misoprostol group were less likely to bleed 500 ml or more (adjusted odds ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence in...

Postpartum hemorrhage is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Most postpartum hemorrhages are caused by uterine atony and occur in the immediate postpartum period. Expectant or physiologic management of the third stage of labor has been compared with active management in several studies. Active management involves administration of uterotonic medication after the delivery of...

OBJECTIVE To examine labor patterns in a large population and to explore an alternative approach for diagnosing abnormal labor progression. METHODS Data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project were used. A total of 26,838 parturients were selected who had a singleton term gestation, spontaneous onset of labor, vertex presentation, and a normal perinatal outcome. A repeated-measures ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of intravenous ergometrine, intramuscular oxytocin, and oral misoprostol in the control of postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS Mean blood loss, rates of blood loss between 500 and 1000 ml, hematocrit fall greater than 10%, and need for additional oxytocic agents and nature and rates of adverse effects were assessed in this prospective, randomized, controlled study...

Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) is clinically used for early detection of fetal acidosis. Despite a marked interest in automatic detection procedures, FHR analysis remains a challenging signal processing task, receiving considerable research attention. Among other difficulties, the two stages of labor (dilation and active pushing) produce very different FHR dynamics. Most research efforts, however, have...