This letter proposes a high precision ranging scheme based on the time of arrival estimation technique for the IEEE 802.15.4a chirp spread spectrum system. The proposed scheme consists of a linear channel impulse response estimation process with the zero forcing or minimum mean square error technique and the multipath delay estimation process with matrix pencil algorithm. The performance of the...

An electrochemical surface treatment has been developed that decreases the reverse-bias leakage current in Schottky diodes fabricated on GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy ~MBE!. This treatment suppresses current flow through localized leakage paths present in MBE-grown GaN, while leaving other diode characteristics, such as the Schottky barrier height, largely unaffected. A reduction in leaka...

Histogram equalization (HE) is widely used for contrast enhancement. However, it tends to change the brightness of an image and hence, not suitable for consumer electronic products, where preserving the original brightness is essential to avoid annoying artifacts. Bi-histogram equalization (BBHE) has been proposed and analyzed mathematically that it can preserve the original brightness to a cer...

Digital images and video used for various tasks is often subject to distortion and noise. When information is known about the distortions and noise introduced into the image, their effects can be at least partially negated through image restoration techniques. In this paper, we explore the derivation of the inverse filter and the Wiener filter. We look and their efficacy in restoring images cor...

1School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics No. 555, Liutai Ave, Wenjiang Zone, Chengdu 611130, China 2Yangtze Normal University, No. 98, Julong Ave, Fuling Zone, Chongqing, 408100, China 3School of Management and Economics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China e-mail: koug...

The schemes proposed in part I are tested using single-column data sets from tropical field experiments (GATE, BOMEX, ATEX) and an arctic air-mass transformation. Both the deep and shallow schemes perform well. The sensitivity of the schemes to adjustable parameters is also studied. Preliminary global forecasts show significant improvements in the global surface fluxes and mean tropical tempera...

This study examines the impacts of convective parameterization and moisture convective trigger on convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by the Seoul National University (SNU) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Three different convection schemes are used, including the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) scheme, the Kuo (1974) scheme, and the moist convective adjustment (MCA) ...

In this paper, a computational intelligence method is used for the solution of fractional optimal control problems (FOCP)'s with equality and inequality constraints. According to the Ponteryagin minimum principle (PMP) for FOCP with fractional derivative in the Riemann- Liouville sense and by constructing a suitable error function, we define an unconstrained minimization problem. In the optimiz...