Spatial data sets are analysed in many scientific disciplines. Kriging, i.e. minimum mean squared error linear prediction, is probably the most widely used method of spatial prediction. Computation time and memory requirement can be an obstacle for kriging for data sets with many observations. Calculations are accelerated and memory requirements decreased by using a Gaussian Markov random field...

and Salas (1985) compared kriging with several other interpolation techniques, including inverse distance, for The choice of an optimal interpolation technique for estimating annual precipitation distributions and found kriging to soil properties at unsampled locations is an important issue in sitebe superior to inverse distance weighting. Warrick et specific management. The objective of this s...

Metamodels are widely used to facilitate the analysis and optimization of engineering systems that involve computationally expensive simulations. Kriging is a metamodelling technique that is well known for its ability to build surrogate models of responses with non-linear behaviour. However, the assumption of a stationary covariance structure underlying Kriging does not hold in situations where...

An important problem between specialists is the interpolation of the surfaces determined by classics or modern techniques. Choosing the proper technique is practically a rigorous study regarding all the interpolation methods and using that method according to the needs of the project. The determination of the Digital terrain model, the digital surface model from GNSS, LiDAR or classic measureme...

Metamodels are widely used to facilitate the analysis and optimization of engineering systems that involve computationally expensive simulations. Kriging is a metamodeling technique that is well known for its ability to build surrogate models of responses with nonlinear behavior. However, the assumption of a stationary covariance structure underlying Kriging does not hold in situations where th...

For structural systems with both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, the effect of epistemic uncertainty on failure probability is measured by the variance based sensitivity analysis, which generally needs a ‘‘triple-loop’’ crude sampling procedure to solve and is time consuming. Thus, the Kriging method is employed to avoid the complex sampling procedure and improve the computational efficie...

Sodium is an integral part of water, and its excessive amount in drinking water causes high blood pressure and hypertension. In the present paper, spatial distribution of sodium concentration in drinking water is modeled and optimized sampling designs for selecting sampling locations is calculated for three divisions in Punjab, Pakistan. Universal kriging and Bayesian universal kriging are used...

This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of three interpolation methods in terms of their accuracy, for small urban catchments. The Bridgewater Creek catchment in south Brisbane is the region of study. Thirteen storm events measured over 24-hours are interpolated using an inverse-distance weighted average method, thin plate smoothing spline, and an ordinary kriging technique. The delete...