indubitably, the efficacy of metalinguistic awareness in improving efl learners’ grammatical knowledge and writing quality has long been an area of great interest in applied linguistics brown (2001). accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of planned and unplanned focus on form instruction on students’ ability to learn grammar and use it appropriately ...

Abstract Task-based language teaching has received increased attention in second language research. However, the combination of structured input-based approach and task-based language teaching has not been examined in relation to L2 grammar learning. To address this gap, the present study investigated how the structured input-based tasks with and without explicit information impacted learners’ ...

This paper introduces a set of English grammar symbols that the author has developed to enhance students’ understanding and consequently, application of the English grammar rules. A pretest-posttest control-group design was carried out in which the samples were students in two girls’ senior high schools (N=135, P ≤ 0.05) divided into two groups: the Treatment which received gramm...

Computationally feasible accounts of complex linguistic phenomena (such as discontinuity, ellipsis, etc.) usually require additional, complex grammatical resources together with parsing heuristics to mitigate computational overhead. We claim that certain kinds of knowledge usually expressed as heuristics can be seen as declarative grammar knowledge if a default interpretation is given to gramma...

Preparation of knowledge bank is a very difficult task. In this paper, we discuss the knowledge extraction from the manually examined Sinica Treebank. Categorical information, word-to-word relation, word collocations, new syntactic patterns and sentence structures are obtained. A searching system for Chinese sentence structure was developed in this study. By using pre-extracted data and SQL com...

What kinds of knowledge underlie the use of language and how is this knowledge acquired? Linguists equate knowing a language with knowing a grammar. Classic "poverty of the stimulus" arguments suggest that grammar identification is an intractable inductive problem and that acquisition is possible only because children possess innate knowledge of grammatical structure. An alternative view is eme...

in arabic grammar, adjective is one of the five syntactic appositives and thus follows the features and rules of syntactic apposition. usually, there is a main principle on which a consensus of the authentic references is recorded, while the minor rules and secondary regulations might vary in different grammar books. this paper aims at representing ibn ya’ish ‘s viewpoints on adjective and subs...

Optical Music Recognition is a form of document analysis for which a priori knowledge is particularly important. Musical notation is governed by a substantial set of rules, but current systems fail to use them adequately. In complex scores, existing systems cannot overcome the well-known segmentation problems of document analysis, due mainly to the high density of music information. This paper ...

It has been known that people, after being exposed to sentences generated by an artificial grammar, acquire implicit grammatical knowledge and are able to transfer the knowledge to inputs that are generated by a modified grammar. We show that a second order recurrent neural network is able to transfer grammatical knowledge from one language (generated by a Finite State Machine) to another langu...