BACKGROUND AND AIMS To determine renal volume in adult patients with essential hypertension and correlate it with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and duration of hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 150 patients (75 males, 75 females) with essential hypertension and normal renal status were evaluated sonographically in this prospective study. Fifty healthy in...

carbon spheres were fabricated by hydrothermal method and their structural properties were investigated. carbon spheres with average sizes around of 230, 320 and 430 nm were synthesized in different concentration of glucose aqueous solution and different hydrothermal reaction time. the temperature of 180 °c by a hydrothermal reaction was fixed in all of glucose concentration and hydrothermal re...

the average distance of a vertex $v$ of a connected graph $g$is the arithmetic mean of the distances from $v$ to allother vertices of $g$. the proximity $pi(g)$ and the remoteness $rho(g)$of $g$ are defined as the minimum and maximum averagedistance of the vertices of $g$. in this paper we investigate the difference between proximity or remoteness and the classical distanceparameters diameter a...

The diameter of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $diam(G)$, is the maximum distance between any pair of vertices of $G$. Let $L(G)$ be the line graph of $G$. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions under which for a given integer $k geq 2$, $diam(L(G)) leq k$.

Abstract
 Introduction and aim of the study: Urolithiasis is a disease involving formation deposits in lumen urinary tract. The continued development minimally invasive treatment methods allows for more effective with greater operator comfort less risk to patient. It has been concluded that retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) superior other therapeutic many respects. this study review ava...

A minimum spanning tree (MST) with a small diameter is required in numerous practical situations. It is needed, for example, in distributed mutual exclusion algorithms in order to minimize the number of messages communicated among processors per critical section. Understanding the behavior of tree diameter is useful, for example, in determining an upper bound on the expected number of links bet...

Let G be an edge weighted undirected graph. For every pair of nodes consider the shortest cycle containing these nodes in G. The cycle diameter of G is the maximum length of a cycle in this set. Let H be a directed graph obtained by directing the edges of G. The cycle diameter of H is similarly defined except for that cycles are replaced by directed closed walks. Is there always an orientation ...

OBJECTIVE To apply a semiquantitative method for analysis of technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy for monitoring the effect of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) in patients with calyceal stones on regional kidney function and to check whether EPL had caused any deleterious effect on the target calyceal renal parenchymal function. PATIENTS AND M...