after its conquest, khorasan came under the administration of the islamic caliphate and found particular importance due to its possession of natural resources and its location on the international trade route. the region excelled in local industries, agricultural products and the transition of eastern goods, and used to provide the required resources of islamic states. some of the policies of t...

apple scar skin disease (assd) is one of the destructive diseases of pome fruits which is caused by assvd. we report molecular detection of assvd in symptomatic apples cv. red delicious with simultaneous presence of a new variant of hsvd from khorasan razavi province. this is the first report on the association of hsvd with assvd in apple trees showing merely symptoms of apple dapple on the fruit.

the reduction in regional differences to stop the movement and displacement of human forces and capital in the direction of preparing the ground for development is very effective. development means boosting human potentials for the improved utilization of his environment. rational utilization depends on economical, social and cultural particulars. therefore any kind of condition that is effecti...

Infected tissues of roots and leaves of various grasses as well as soil around their rhizosphere were sampled from Fars, Golestan, Isfahan, Khorasan Shomali, Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran and Semnan provinces (Iran). Based on morphological characteristics and available keys, four species of Bipolaris including B. austreliensis, B. indica, B. micropus and B. spicifera, four species of Curvularia i...

The purpose of the present study was the simulation of climate change effects on groundwater resources in Iran by using the dynamic systems approach. The approach was performed through system dynamics modeling process including problem explanation, system description, model development, model testing, and the use of the model for policy analysis. The impact of the application of various exogeno...

abstract according to official statistics, domestic production of edible oils provides only less than 10 percent of the country's consumption needs, and therefore every year a significant amount of crude and prepared edible oils and fats is imported to the country spending a considerable amount of foreign exchange. over the past years rapeseed, as a new product, has been implemented by a limite...