The current study estimates threshold levels of the public debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio and budget deficit for 106 developing 36 developed countries from 1996 to 2018. A PCA-based fiscal sustainability indicator is also constructed a dynamic panel regression employed. main findings reveal effect in debt-to-GDP nexus. are beneficial maintaining at lower or upper different instituti...

Widespread concern, even alarm, over the U.S. government’s budget deficit has become one of the leading public policy issues of the decade. Talk about large federal deficits that will persist throughout the 1980s now dominates discussions otherwise intended to focus on specific spending needs--defense, for example, or medical care supports--or on tax restructuring. It also now dominates discuss...

abstract- inadequate water supply is the major problem for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. thus, effective management should be considered for water resources planning. in this research, a model was provided which is able to estimate optimal land and water allocation in the doroodzan irrigation network. optimal water management model was used at farm level to evaluate different defic...

Abstract There is growing research on the political budget cycles in transition economies whose institutions, and societies differ significantly from those of developed countries. New democracies are more vulnerable to (fiscal) cycles. Most studies focus policy instruments (e.g. fiscal policies) rather than macroeconomic outcomes. In this paper, we analyse budget/fiscal cycle Albania, a post-co...