Keyword search is the most popular querying technique on semistructured data. Keyword queries are simple and convenient. However, as a consequence of their imprecision, there is usually a huge number of candidate results of which only very few match the user’s intent. Unfortunately, the existing semantics for keyword queries are ad-hoc and they generally fail to “guess” the user intent. Therefo...

Abstract Democracy is one of the most contested words in English language. In Africa, these complexities are compounded by question whether democracy a colonial imposition. Cheeseman and Sishuwa provide historiography debates around democracy, track how narratives have developed over time, argue that there widespread public support for form what they call “consensual democracy.” This not to say...

As more and more ontologies are being published on the Semantic Web, selecting the most appropriate ontology will become an increasingly important subtask in Semantic Web applications. Here we present an approach towards ontology search in the context of OntoSelect, a dynamic web-based ontology library. In OntoSelect, ontologies can be searched by keyword or by document. In keyword-based search...

In this article, we propose an utterance verification technique for keyword spotting. The keyword spotting system analyzes a given spoken content and searches every speech segment in which one of pre-defined keywords is uttered. To maintain a stable recognition performance in the system, we propose an utterance verification technique that verifies whether a found utterance, or a candidate keywo...

Processing keyword-based queries is a central problem in Information Retrieval (IR), where several studies have been done to develop effective keyword-based search techniques [1, 2]. A standard containment keyword-based query, which retrieves textual identities that contain a set of keywords, is generally supported by a full-text index. The inverted index is considered as one of the most useful...

We are developing a spoken dialogue system that accepts speaker-independent continuous utterances and responds to them. Two approaches are adopted and compared. Syntax-driven approach first applies syntactic analysis to constrain the input and passes syntactically accepted sentence candidates to semantic analysis. Keyword-driven approach performs keyword spotting and generates a lattice of keyw...

A Public Key Encryption is a technique of encrypting the message using public keys so that the message is secure against various attacks. A Keyword based Public Key Encryption is a new way of providing security against various attacks. Although there are various keyword searches based public key encryption techniques are implemented. Here in this paper a survey of all the techniques based on Ke...