Patients presenting for elective anaesthesia and surgery may be suffering with, or recovering from, a recent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). It is a frequent clinical problem as to whether to postpone surgery in such patients as they may be more likely to suffer adverse respiratory events related to administration of general anaesthesia. Using dilute ammonia vapour as a chemical stimu...

Difficult airway is a common problem encountered in oro-maxillo-facial surgeries. We describe case where displaced mandibular reconstruction plate obstructing the access to oral cavity. The was further compromised by previous tracheostomy, and limited neck extension owing surgeries radiotherapy. inability of patient swallow increased risk pulmonary aspiration. first line management such should ...

Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) associated with heightened airway resistance and inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. It has been demonstrated that contractile responsiveness and Ca(2+) sensitization to acetylcholine (ACh) in repeated antigen challenge-induced airway hyper-responsive bronchial preparation were significantly increased. The CPI-17 (PKC-potentiated inhibitory prot...

Airways hyper-responsiveness (AHR) is found in almost every patient with asthma. The degree of AHR is variable between individuals with asthma and can correlate to the severity of the underlying asthma. Equally treatment of asthma can modify the degree of underlying AHR. Measures of Airway hyper-responsiveness or bronchial challenge testing are therefore important in both the assessment and man...

Prevalence of chronic disorder like asthma has dramatically increased in recent decades. These are mainly disorder of immune system, the results of complex interactions among various genetic and environmental factors. Interleukin 4 and 13, a Th2type cytokine play key role in inflammatory pathway, emerged in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Both are act as central regulator in IgE synthesis...

BACKGROUND Some normotensive sedentary individuals have an exaggerated increase in blood pressure (BP) during physical activity, which is a behavior that is called blood pressure hyper-reactivity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise program (AEP) on blood pressure in individuals with blood pressure hyper-reactivity (BPH). METHODS Ten male volunteers with BPH, aged 45 ...

Childhood asthma is often characterised by elevated exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), decreased lung function, increased airway reactivity and atopy; however, our understanding of when these phenotypic airway characteristics develop remains unclear. This study evaluated whether eNO, lung function, airway reactivity and immune characteristics during infancy are risk factors of asthma at age 5 years. I...

Salbutamol consists of a racemic mixture of R- and S-salbutamol. R-salbutamol (levalbuterol) is the active bronchodilating enantiomer, whereas S-salbutamol is thought to be pharmacologically inactive or to exert adverse effects. This study evaluated the bronchoprotective effects of inhalation of therapeutically relevant doses of the racemate and individual enantiomers in guinea pigs. It was fou...

The bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been associated with occupational airway diseases with asthma-like symptoms and in acute exacerbations of COPD. The direct and indirect effects of LPS on small airway reactivity have not been fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that both in vitro and in vivo LPS treatment would increase contraction and impair relaxation of mouse small...