The nonbrittle rachis, resulting in a seed head which does not shatter at maturity, is one of the key phenotypes that distinguishes domesticated barley from its wild relatives. The phenotype is associated with two loci, Btr1 and Btr2, with all domesticated barleys thought to have either a 1 bp deletion in Btr1 or an 11 bp deletion in Btr2. We used a PCR genotyping method with 380 domesticated b...

C-repeat-binding factor (CBF)/dehydration-responsive element (DREB) transcription factors play key roles in plant stress responses. However, little information is available on the regulation of CBF/DREB expression. In this study, we isolated and characterized the FeDREB1 promoter sequence from the common buckwheat accession Xinong 9976. To identify the upstream region of the FeDREB1 gene requir...

We provide a molecular description of key intermediates in the deletion of two internal eliminated sequences (IES elements), the M and R regions, during macronuclear development in Tetrahymena thermophila. Using a variety of PCR-based methods in vivo, double-strand breaks are detected that are generated by hydrolytic cleavage and correspond closely to the observed chromosomal junctions left beh...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to utilize cholesterol as a carbon source, and this ability is linked to its virulence in macrophages and in the mouse model of infection. The M. tuberculosis cytochrome P450 Cyp125 plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism being involved in the first steps of its degradation. Cyp125 is a cholesterol hydroxylase which is essential for cholesterol catabolism i...

Genomic alterations targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene have been strongly associated with cancer pathogenesis. The clinical effectiveness of EGFR targeted therapies, including small molecules directed against the kinase domain such as gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib, have been proven successful in treating non-small cell lung cancer patients with tumors harboring EGFR ...

Apolipoprotein B (APOB) plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism and plasma lipid transport. It has been shown that about two-thirds of male mice heterozygous for ApoB were infertile. Moreover, a 3-codon deletion polymorphism (rs11279109) in the signal peptide region of the APOB gene has been shown to be a risk factor for infertility in Slovenian men, but its association with infertility in I...

During normal rostral scratching in the spinal turtle, there is rhythmic alternation between hip-flexor and hip-extensor motor activity. During rostral scratching with hip-extensor deletions, there are successive bursts of hip-flexor motor activity and no activity in hip-extensor motor neurons. We characterized the ON- and OFF-phases of 72 descending propriospinal interneurons with distinct act...

We discuss cases of salvation and non-salvation by deletion in the domain lexical gaps, distinguish two types defectiveness: (a) defectiveness that can be saved PF deletion, which we take to signal lack an eligible allomorph for certain environments within a language, (b) cannot proper alloseme given environment. With ellipsis modeled as instruction nonpronunciation on branch grammar, only gaps...

Abstract AIMS Glioblastoma (GBM) tumours have a dismal prognosis despite aggressive anticancer therapy. Deletion of CDKN2A is among the most common genetic changes in GBM (~50%) and has been strongly associated with worse prognosis. Next generation DNA sequencing had shown that deletion IFNA genes (located proximal to CDKN2A) also major event (~25%). Clinical Identification vivo state these two...

Endometriosis is a debilitating disorder, defined as the presence of endometrial gland and stroma outside of the uterus. It may affect angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the angiogenic factors that plays an important role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of VEGF -2549 insertion/deletion (I/...