background: this prospective study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacies of nasopharyngoscopy and ct scan in the diagnosis of local failure of external beam radiotherapy (ebrt) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. methods: total 52 patients of histopathologically proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with external beam radiotherapy (ebrt), were included in this study. for every patien...

background and purpose: to investigate how much the method of observation agrees with a standardised review of evidence of clinical examination, for the assessment of clinical otoscopic competence. methods: 65 medical students took part in an objective structured clinical examination (osce) station using patients with real pathology. examiners assessed otoscopic competency in tympanic membrane ...

forest types mapping, is one of the most necessary elements in the forest management and silviculture treatments. traditional methods such as field surveys are almost time-consuming and cost-intensive. improvements in remote sensing data sources and classification –estimation methods are preparing new opportunities for obtaining more accurate forest biophysical attributes maps. this research co...

in land use planning, mapping the present land use / land cover situation is a necessary tool for determining the current condition and for identifying land use trends. in this study, in order to provide a land use/ land cover map for ilam watershed, the irs-1c image data from 25th april 2006 were used. initial qualitative evaluation on data showed no significant radiometric error. ortho-rectif...

soil salinity has been a large problem in arid and semi arid regions. preparation of such maps is useful for natural resource managers. old methods of preparing such maps require a lot of time and cost. multi-spectral remotely sensed dates due to the broad vision and repeating of these imageries is suitable for provide saline soil maps. this investigation is conducted to provide saline soil map...

OBJECTIVE To translate the Childhood Autism Rating Scale into Brazilian Portuguese and to determine the initial psychometric properties of the resulting version (CARS-BR). METHODS The methodology used to produce an adequate version included translation, backtranslation and evaluation of semantic equivalence. In order to determine its psychometric properties (internal consistency, validity and...

Abstract Kappa coefficients are commonly used for quantifying reliability on a categorical scale, whereas correlation applied to assess an interval scale. Both types of can be the ordinal rating scales. In this study, we compare seven scales: kappa included Cohen’s kappa, linearly weighted and quadratically kappa; intraclass ICC(3,1), Pearson’s correlation, Spearman’s rho, Kendall’s tau-b. The ...