The juvenile court was founded on a rehabilitation model in which competence of the juvenile defendant to undergo criminal process was not an issue. A few juveniles charged with serious crimes such as murder were waived to adult court, but maturity was generally taken into consideration in the waiver decision, and so severely mentally ill, mentally retarded, or very young defendants tended to r...

The tcrm "exploitation" implies the idea of making use of the population, and in fisheries is generally regarded as a process which should be continued indefinitely without destroying the population. Very intense exploitation leading to the complete destruction of the population, or at least its reduction to a level so low that further exploitation is not worthwhile, is rarely, if ever, deliber...

Vitellogenin is a female-specific glucolipoprotein yolk precursor produced by all oviparous animals. Vitellogenin expression is under hormonal control, and the protein is generally synthesized directly before yolk deposition. In the honeybee (Apis mellifera), vitellogenin is not only synthesized by the reproductive queen, but also by the functionally sterile workers. In summer, the worker popul...

This article reexamines the problem of labor exploitation in advanced capitalist economies, especially the United States. The article specifies the concept of labor exploitation by using both the Marxian and marginalist notions and measures. The implicit neoclassical presumption of no or little labor exploitation in a capitalist economy is rejected by the results. The alternative heterodox argu...

Exploitation is a complex and fascinating concept. It has long been considered at the very core of Marxist social science. Historically it was closely identified with the Labor Theory of Value. More recently the concept of exploitation has been elaborated in ways that at least partially disengage from the LTV. In this lecture we will do three things. First, we will very briefly discuss the rela...

Exploitation is a complex and fascinating concept. It has long been considered at the very core of Marxist social science. Historically it was closely identified with the Labor Theory of Value. More recently the concept of exploitation has been elaborated in ways that at least partially disengage from the LTV. In this and the next lecture we will do three things. First, we will very briefly dis...

Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the most commercialized mollusk species in Brazil. The individuals with a shell length at least 50 mm are considered to be adults and suitable for commercialization human consumption. However, lack control over size extracted mussels recurrent worrisome issue, which may compromise long-term survival natural stocks. present study evaluated potential differe...

Parasitic exploitation occurs within and between a wide variety of taxa in a plethora of diverse contexts. Theoretical and empirical analyses indicate that parasitic exploitation can generate substantial genetic and phenotypic polymorphism within species. Under some circumstances, parasitic exploitation may also be an important factor causing reproductive isolation and promoting speciation. Her...

Recent advances in the understanding of elder mistreatment have demonstrated that financial exploitation tends to be one of the most common forms of mistreatment affecting older populations. Agencies such as the World Bank and World Health Organization show significant concern regarding financial exploitation and its connection to physical and emotional injury to victims. The World Bank uses th...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between technological capabilities and firm performance. We divide technological capabilities into two types – exploitation, which refers to refinement, production and execution, and exploration, which refers to searching, flexibility, and innovation. Based on a sample of 302 small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Japan, our an...