Articles you may be interested in Influence of Cu column under-bump-metallizations on current crowding and Joule heating effects of electromigration in flip-chip solder joints Effect of void propagation on bump resistance due to electromigration in flip-chip solder joints using Kelvin structure Appl. Investigation of void nucleation and propagation during electromigration of flip-chip solder jo...

Our extensive measurements of damage thresholds for fused silica and several fluorides (LiF, CaF, MgF and BaF) at 1053 and 526 nm for pulse durations, 2, ranging from 275 fs to 1 ns are reported elsewhere at this meeting. A theoretical model based on electron production via multiphoton ionization, Joule heating, and collisional (avalanche) ionization is in good agreement with experimental results.

in the present work, we have examined the ability of some different equations of state in predicting the joule-thomson coefficient, ?j-t, of different fluids. for dense fluids, for which density is greater than the boyle density, ?b, two appropriate equations of state, namely the linear isotherm regularity, lir, and the dense system equation of state, dseos, have been examined. the results show...

This paper presents a model for Joule heating induced analyte dispersion in electrophoretic separation channels with a rectangular cross section. The model is in closed form and captures the effect of cross-sectional geometry. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to satisfactorily verify the model, which can be used to accurately predict the performance of high speed electropho...

We demonstrated a continuous viewing angle controllable liquid crystal display (LCD) adopting a thermally variable retardation layer (TVRL) using nematic liquid crystal with transparent electric-heating lines to control temperature. The simulated and experimental results of the proposed LCD show continuous and symmetric viewing angle characteristics by tuning the retardation of TVRL using Joule...

Nanoelectrochemical patterning of redox responsive organometallic poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) multilayers is demonstrated by electrochemical dip pen lithography (EDPN). Local electrochemical oxidation and Joule heating of PFS multilayers from the tip are considered as relevant mechanisms related to structure generation. The influence of applied bias potential, tip velocity, and multilayer thic...

At its origins, thermodynamics was the study of heat and engines. Carnot transformed it into a scientific discipline by explaining engine power in terms of transfer of “caloric”. That idea became the second law of thermodynamics when Thomson and Clausius reconciled Carnot’s theory with Joule’s conflicting thesis that power was derived from the consumption of heat, which was determined to be a f...

Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones e Ingeniería Telemática Universidad de Valladolid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Campus Miguel Delibes s/n 47011 Valladolid, Spain Phone: +34 983 185545, Fax: +34 983 423667, e-mail: [email protected] Joule Physics Laboratory, School of Sciences, Institute of Materials Research University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK Phone: +44 161 295 5079, Fax: +...

This paper deals with the interaction of convection and thermal radiation on an unsteady hydromagnetic heat and mass transfer for a viscous fluid past a semi-infinite vertical moving plate embedded in a porous media in the presence of heat absorption and firstorder chemical reaction of the species. The fluid is considered to be a gray, absorbing– emitting but non-scattering medium, and the Cogl...

The utility of a node in an energy-limited wireless ad hoc network is defined as a positive linear function of the number of bits that the node sends as a source and the number of bits that it receives as a destination. First, we show that under the one-to-one traffic model in which every node wants to send traffic to a randomly chosen destination node, a utility that grows asymptotically at le...