Bone is important to give the body support, but it also contains marrow that harbors mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors. An important chemoattractant for hematopoietic cell homing towards the bone marrow, CXCL12, was shown to inhibit expression of apoptosis related genes. Previously, it was shown that jaw osteoclast precursors express more anti-apoptotic genes than long bone o...

In order to explore the articulatory nature of contrastive emphasis, this study compares contrastively emphasized and non-emphasized syllables in terms of mandible position and F0 peaks. The stimuli were English mono-syllabic words with /aɪ/, spoken in short utterances as part of read dialogues. Articulatory and acoustic data obtained by the University of Wisconsin x-ray microbeam facilities fr...

Automatic segmentation; Jaw panoramic X-ray image; Neutrosophy; Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm Abstract It is really important to diagnose jaw tumor in its early stages to improve its prognosis. A differential diagnosis could be performed using X-ray images; therefore, accurate and fully automatic jaw lesions image segmentation is a challenging and essential task. The aim of this work was t...

Jaw-opening and trigemino-hypoglossal reflexes can be evoked by innocuous as well as noxious afferents from intra-oral structures. It has been reported that the amplitude of the jaw-opening reflex evoked by weak electrical stimulation of the upper lip is subject not only to tonic suppression but also to phase-linked modulation during mastication. In this study, we investigated whether the jaw-o...

Jaw protrusion is one of the most important innovations in vertebrate feeding over the last 400 million years [1, 2]. Protrusion enables a fish to rapidly decrease the distance between itself and its prey [2, 3]. We assessed the evolution and functional implications of jaw protrusion in teleost fish assemblages from shallow coastal seas since the Cretaceous. By examining extant teleost fishes, ...

To explain the pain and dysfunction of neck during jaw movement associated with malocclusion, the physiologic relationships between jaw and cervical movement should be understood. However the complicated reflex effects made it difficult to investigate the biomechanical relationship between the head-neck components. For this reason we have created a model for mechanical system dynamic analysis o...

Dental microwear of four postcanine teeth of Exaeretodon argentinus was analyzed using both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) methods to infer their masticatory jaw movements. Results of both methods were congruent, showing that linear microwear features (scratches) were well aligned and mostly directed to the antero-posterior direction in all four teeth examined. These findings s...

Spoken languages have rhythmic structures, often phonologically described in terms of the metrical phrasal stress patterns of that language [1, 2, 3, 4]. Recent studies with English, Japanese, and Spanish suggest that rhythmic phrasal stress patterns are articulated by syllable to syllable jaw displacement variations, with concomitant syllable to syllable changes in vocal tract resonance freque...

Gegenbaur's classical hypothesis of jaw-gill arch serial homology is widely cited, but remains unsupported by either palaeontological evidence (for example, a series of fossils reflecting the stepwise transformation of a gill arch into a jaw) or developmental genetic data (for example, shared molecular mechanisms underlying segment identity in the mandibular, hyoid and gill arch endoskeletons)....

Jaw morphogenesis depends on the growth of Meckel's cartilage during embryogenesis. However, the cell types and signals that promote chondrocyte proliferation for Meckel's cartilage growth are poorly defined. Here we show that neural crest cells (NCCs) and their derivatives provide an essential source of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enhance jaw vascularization and stabilize ...