This paper studies the process of wage dynamics and promotions inside and betwen firms using large linked employer-employee data set for the Portuguese economy. The main question is if promotions are the result of gained work experience or of learning by the worker and the firm about the ability of the worker. We use the Gibbons and Waldman (1999) framework to distinguish between the case of fu...

Trade and Unemployment: What Do the Data Say? This paper documents a robust empirical regularity: in the long-run, higher trade openness is causally associated to a lower structural rate of unemployment. We establish this fact using: (i) panel data from 20 OECD countries, (ii) cross-sectional data on a larger set of countries. The time structure of the panel data allows us to deal with endogene...

The structure of a complex between the Fab fragment of the antibody (SYA/J6) specific for the cell surface O-antigen polysaccharide of the pathogen Shigella flexneri Y and an octapeptide (Met-Asp-Trp-Asn-Met-His-Ala-Ala), a functional mimic of the O-antigen, has been determined at 1.8-A resolution. Comparison of the structure with that of the complex with the pentasaccharide antigen [-->2)-alph...

Efficient in vitro systems to study the life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were recently developed for JFH1 (genotype 2a), which has unique replication capacity in Huh7 cells. We developed 4a/JFH1 intergenotypic recombinants containing the structural genes (Core, E1, and E2), p7, and all or part of NS2 of the 4a prototype strain ED43 that, after transfection of Huh7.5 cells with RNA transcri...

Individual and household based aggregate measures of joblessness offer conflicting signals about labour market performance. This paper shows that while individual based measures of joblessness have remained fairly stable over the last 10 years or so and have fallen after highs in the early 1980s, household measures of joblessness have risen. Joblessness among the working age population has beco...

The Impact of Amnesty on Labor Market Outcomes: A Panel Study Using the Legalized Population Survey This paper tests whether amnesty, a provision of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), affected the labor market outcomes of the legalized population. Using the Legalized Population Survey (LPS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) from 1987-1992, a quasi-experimen...

In this paper, we pursue several strategies to identify the effect of unemployment rates on crime rates. Using a state-level panel for the period from 1971 to 1997, we estimate the effect of unemployment on the rates of seven felony offenses. We control extensively for state-level demographic and economic factors and estimate specifications that allow for state-specific time trends as well as s...

This paper surveys the existing empirical research that uses search theory to empirically analyze labor supply questions in a structural framework, using data on individual labor market transitions and durations, wages, and individual characteristics. The starting points of the literature are the Mincerian earnings function, Heckman’s classic selection model, and dynamic optimization theory. We...

Theorem 1 implies that there does not exist any finite projective plane of Lenz type III . This completes results of Lff~V.BIYRG [11 and 12], C o F ~ [2], YAQUB [17], and HERr~G [6]. Theorem 2 implies that there does not exist any finite projective plane of Lenz-Barlotti type 1.6 or II.3. This result is due to YAQU~ [15 and 16], J6~sso~ [9], Lt~WBV~O [10], and CoFM~ [3]. Both theorems will be p...

The depression in cell-mediated immune function following trauma-hemorrhage is shown to be restored by 17 -estradiol (E2) administration. However, it remains unknown which of the two estrogenreceptors, (ER)or ER, plays the predominant role in mediating the beneficial effects of E2. Female B57BL/J6 ER/ transgenic mice [knockout (KO)] and corresponding ovariectomized wild-type (WT) mice were subj...