The use of blood and intravenous fluid therapy is now considered routine therapy. The level of sophistication that we now perceive as standard has resulted from centuries of legends, religious beliefs, pseudo-science, non-scientific supposition, experimentation and error. The purpose of this article is to review the evolution of parenteral fluid and transfusion therapy through history. Data wer...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Determine feasibility and safety of intravenous (IV) versus combined (IV-IA [intra-arterial]) thrombolysis guided by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD). METHODS Thirty-three patients eligible for IV thrombolysis, within 3 hours of onset of symptoms, with occlusion in middle cerebral artery territory (TCCD monitoring, thrombolysis in brain ischemia [TIBI] ...

BACKGROUND Patients prescribed intravenous (IV) glycopeptides usually remain in hospital until completion of this treatment. Some of these patients could be discharged earlier if a switch to an oral antibiotic was made. This study was designed to identify the percentage of inpatients currently prescribed IV glycopeptides who could be discharged earlier if a switch to an oral agent was used, and...

Abstract Objective: Compare outcomes of patients receiving high-dose oral beta-lactam versus standard therapy for Enterobacterales bacteremia from a urinary tract infection (UTI). Design: Retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort. Setting: Three Michigan community teaching hospitals. Patients: Adult admitted between February 1, 2020, and October 2022, with gram-negative source were evalu...

BACKGROUND Infusion therapy through intravenous (IV) access is a therapeutic option used in the treatment of many hospitalized patients. IV therapy is complex, potentially dangerous and error prone. The objectives were to ascertain the drug-related problems (DRPs) involved in IV medication administration and further to develop strategies to reduce and prevent the occurrence of DRPs during IV ad...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Combined intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial (IA) thrombolytic therapy may be faster and easier to initiate than monotherapy, and its recanalization rate may be better as well. The sequential combination of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) and urokinase (UK) has synergistic and complementary effects on clot lysis. We prospectively evaluated the effectivenes...

BACKGROUND Optimal treatment remains uncertain for patients with cognitive impairment that persists or returns after standard IV antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease. METHODS Patients had well-documented Lyme disease, with at least 3 weeks of prior IV antibiotics, current positive IgG Western blot, and objective memory impairment. Healthy individuals served as controls for practice effects. Pa...

BACKGROUND Elinogrel is the only selective, competitive and reversible platelet P2Y(12) inhibitor available in both intravenous (IV) and oral formulations. METHODS AND RESULTS This substudy of the Intravenous and Oral Administration of Elinogrel to Evaluate Tolerability and Efficacy in Nonurgent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention patients (INNOVATE-PCI) trial evaluated the pharmacokinetic and...

Objectives The primary objective is to assess the safely of combining Ipilimumab with palliative radiation therapy in patients with unresectable Stage IV melanoma. Secondary objectives include assessment of 1) induction of anti-melanoma immune responses using laboratory correlative studies of immune responses to melanoma antigens, 2) comparison of tumor response rates and duration of response a...