The oil and gas industry faces difficulties in optimizing well placement problems. These problems are multimodal, non-convex, discontinuous nature. Various traditional non-traditional optimization algorithms have been developed to resolve these difficulties. Nevertheless, techniques remain trapped local optima provide inconsistent performance for different reservoirs. This study thereby present...

background: increasing hospital costs and its social and cultural problems has led to the idea of providing healthcare services at home. because of infrastructural and implementation problems, providing healthcare at home in iran has not been initiated yet. therefore, this study set out to elaborate the need for a comprehensive system in order to provide this service in iran. methods: all artic...

Multipliers are routinely used for impact evaluation of private projects and public policies at the national and subnational levels. Oosterhaven & Stelder (2002) correctly pointed out the misuse of standard ‘gross’ multipliers and proposed the concept of ‘net’ multiplier as a solution to this bad practice. We prove their proposal is not well founded. We do so by showing that supporting theorems...

In my previous letter in response to Graham Mark's 3/16/95 guest editorial defending evolutionary theory, I pointed out some of the difficulties a materialist has in accounting for noumenal categories and, in particular, the embarrassing difficulty the materialist faces in accounting for coded, symbolic information comprising the genome of the first living organism. In this letter my focus will...

It is well known that classical, aka ‘sharp’, Bayesian decision theory, which models belief states as single probability functions, faces a number of serious difficulties with respect to its handling of agnosticism. These difficulties have led to the increasing popularity of so-called ‘imprecise’ models of decision-making, which represent belief states as sets of probability functions. In a rec...

The research in cooperative learning (CL) is robust. Despite the empirical benefits of CL, its implementation faces challenges teacher education classrooms. Teacher educators resist using CL and stick to frontal teaching method. All this may be due difficulties perceived by implementing CL. researchers used a concurrent triangulation mixed method design explore among from India. administered qu...

The nursery industry faces an impending crisis due to lack of labor resources. A majority of the manual labor in container nurseries involves moving containers from the field to other locations and back. Typically 3-4 laborers team up to load the containers onto trailers and then drive them to the required destination where they are unloaded. The Trident system was designed to automate some asp...