Laser shock experiments conducted at an energy density of 61 MJ/m revealed void initiation and growth at stress application times of approximately 10 ns. It is shown that void growth cannot be accomplished by vacancy diffusion under these conditions, even taking into account shock heating. An alternative, dislocation-emission-based mechanism, is proposed for void growth. The shear stresses are ...

the electro-osmotic consolidation is a method to improve geotechnical properties of soft clayey soils. the feasibility of electro–osmotically induced consolidation can be examined through the soil coefficient of electro–osmotic permeability (ke) and the electro–osmotic coefficient of water transport (ki). using an electro-osmotic testing cell, ke and ki parameters were measured in urmia lake we...

Ramadan fasting predispose multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to a great challenge. Clinicians should have practical knowledge about the effects of fasting on MS. A mini-symposium was held in 2013 to answer the common questions about fasting in MS patients. In current review we present a summary of the mentioned mini-symposium.Generally, fasting is possible for most stable MS patients. Thorough m...

The parasite, Leishmania, is the causative agent of the disease leishmaniasis and is highly endemic in 98 countries spread across the tropics, subtropics and Mediterranean Basin. It is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies, and it appears in three clinical manifestations namely:  cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. It is known that at least...

The implantation of embryo depends on the quality of the embryo and the receptivity of the endometrium. While the factors affecting embryo quality were optimized, the implantation rates did not reach the desirable levels. This directs the blaming for endometrial receptivity which already has been affected by supra-physiological levels of hormone, namely estradiol, in controlled ovarian hypersti...

Parathyroid adenomas, or hyperplasia may be present in patients with hypercalcemia. Treatment Is by surgical excision, but about 10% of the lesions may be In ectopic locations. Pre-operative localization of the lesions with non-lvasive imaging, using radionuclides, ultrasound, CT, or MR], may simplify surgery, and reduce patient morbidity. However, the reports of the accuracy of the curre...