Composition and Compartmental Distribution of Body Fluids Introductory Concepts Diffusion and Osmosis Compartmental Distribution of Body Fluids Intracellular Fluid Volume Extracellular Fluid Volume Capillary/Interstitial Fluid Exchange Edema Third-Space Accumulation Sodium and Water Balance Regulation of Sodium and Water Balance Regulation of Sodium Balance Regulation of Water Balance Alteratio...

Fluid resuscitation, hemostasis, and transfusion is essential in care of hemorrhagic shock. Although estimation of the residual blood volume is crucial, the standard measuring methods are impractical or unsafe. Vital signs, central venous or pulmonary artery pressures are inaccurate. We hypothesized that the residual blood volume for acute, non-ongoing hemorrhage was calculable using serial hem...

It is known that sport-specific remodeling of the heart may occur with exercise. Although some overlap exists, exercise activity can be segregated into 2 forms: isotonic exercise (endurance training) and isometric exercise (strength training), with defining hemodynamic differences. Increased cardiac output leads to a volume challenge that occurs with isotonic exercise that affects all 4 heart c...

The series elasticity (SE) of cat papillary muscle was measured in 6 muscles by the isotonic quick-release method, with careful correction for the compliance of the equipment. The resultant SE curve was exponential in form with an extension of 4% to 5% of initial muscle length for a preload of 0.5 g and a developed tension of 10 g; this demonstrates a stiffer SE for cardiac muscle than has prev...

The series elasticity (SE) of cat papillary muscle was measured in 6 muscles by the isotonic quick-release method, with careful correction for the compliance of the equipment. The resultant SE curve was exponential in form with an extension of 4% to 5% of initial muscle length for a preload of 0.5 g and a developed tension of 10 g; this demonstrates a stiffer SE for cardiac muscle than has prev...

We study the problem of agreement and disagreement detection in online discussions. An isotonic Conditional Random Fields (isotonic CRF) based sequential model is proposed to make predictions on sentenceor segment-level. We automatically construct a socially-tuned lexicon that is bootstrapped from existing general-purpose sentiment lexicons to further improve the performance. We evaluate our ag...

We propose a new method for parameter learning in Bayesian networks with qualitative influences. This method extends our previous work from networks of binary variables to networks of discrete variables with ordered values. The specified qualitative influences correspond to certain order restrictions on the parameters in the network. These parameters may therefore be estimated using constrained...