We introduce a new method for determining the temperature of interstellar gas based on observations of the the upper P3/2 fine structure levels of Si II and C II. The excitation energies of the fine structure levels above ground are significantly different (Tex ∼ 413 and 92 K for Si II and C II, respectively); their ratio is, therefore, sensitive to temperature. We show how observations of the ...

We compare the H I column densities from Lyα absorption to the metal column densities from soft X-ray absorption in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Of the eight bursts for which useful measures are obtained we find a range in metallicities from sub-solar to a few hundred times the solar value. The lack of correlation in the column densities, and the large range and extreme values of these ‘me...

ISO spectra 1 of the supernova remnant RCW103 are presented. This object is the prototype of a SNR shock heavily interacting with dense ISM (probably a molecular cloud). The spectra are dominated by prominent lines and show very little continuum at < 40 m suggesting that the 12 and 25 m IRAS emission from these types of remnant could be dominated by lines rather than continuum emission from war...

The Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) is hidden behind veils of foreground emission from our own solar system and Galaxy. This paper describes procedures for removing the Galactic IR emission from the 1.25È240 km COBE DIRBE maps as steps toward the ultimate goal of detecting the CIB. The Galactic emission models are carefully chosen and constructed so that the isotropic CIB is completely retaine...

Silicon nanoparticles (SNPs) with oxide coatings have been proposed as the source of the observed ““ extended red emission ÏÏ (ERE) from interstellar dust. We calculate the thermal emission expected from such particles, both in a reÑection nebula such as NGC 2023 and in the di†use interstellar medium (ISM). It is shown that SNPs (both neutral and charged) would produce a strong emission 2 featu...

abstract purpose-the purpose of this paper is to review a sample of the literature relating to interpretive structural modelling (ism) and its deployment for modelling purposes in the area of supply chain management (scm). design/methodology/approach- the literature is examined from the three perspectives. first, concept of ism and examines ism as modelling technique. second, use of ism by the ...

The current theory is closely examined, and found to have inconsistencies. A new theory is developed with new results for both the energy and magnetic moment of a charged particle. The new theory predicts particle behaviour which is opposite to convention: for example, that a plasma will decelerate as it moves through a decreasing magnetic field. Conversely it will accelerate into an increasing...

We use newly developed 3D kinetic MHD models of the heliosphere to predict heliospheric H I Lyα absorption for various lines of sight. These predictions are compared with actual Lyα spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope, many of which have yielded previous detections of heliospheric absorption. We find that the absorption predicted by the models is weakly affected by both the magnitude and or...