While ideologies and elites change, patronage politics remains the preferred strategy of Central Asia’s autocrats. Aspiring presidents-for-life distribute wealth to handpicked appointees who reciprocate by implementing, to varying degrees, executive policy. Shared strategies of rule, however, do not translate into shared state capacity. The trains do not always run on time, and in many places i...

The use of geometric patterns in art has a long history. The geometric period of ancient Greek art (ca. 900–700BC) is characterized by the extensive use of geometric motifs, mainly on vase and amphorae painting. These decorative motifs (meanders, triangles, circles, etc.) extend horizontally in multiple bands about the vase circumference, and they exhibit central and translational symmetry [7, ...

Sleep has preoccupied and fascinated many civilizations since the dawn of mankind. Here, we critically review the various elements pertaining to sleep in the context of early Islamic religion and culture. The many principles of sleep hygiene, wellbeing and health associated with adequate sleep, and the understanding of sleep as a dynamic state are all apparent from such explorative process of I...

This review evaluates the medical literature for religious rituals or ceremonies that have been reported to cause infection. These include an ultra-orthodox Jewish circumcision practice known as metzitzah b'peh, the Christian common communion chalice, Islamic ritual ablution, and the Hindu 'side-roll'. Infections associated with participation in the Islamic Hajj have been extensively reviewed a...

Research Identifying thePeriodofaStep Change inHigh-YieldProcesses Rassoul Noorossana1,∗,†, Abbas Saghaei2, Kamran Paynabar3 and Sara Abdi4 1Industrial Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16844, Iran 2Industrial Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University—Science and Research Campus, Tehran, Iran 3Industrial and Operations Engineering Department, Univer...

1M.Sc., Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 2Professor, Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, ...

As with many historical buildings around the world, building façades are of special interest; moreover, the details of such windows, stonework, and ornaments give each historic building its individual character. Each object of these buildings must be classified in an architectural object library. Recently, a number of researches have been focusing on this topic in Europe and Canada. From this s...

Religion plays a significant role in a patient’s bioethical decision to have an abortion as well as in a country’s abortion policy. Nevertheless, a holistic understanding of the Islamic position remains under-researched. This study first conducted a detailed and systematic analysis of Islam’s position towards abortion through examining the most authoritative biblical texts (i.e. the Quran and S...

Authority zones in the Domain Name System must be declared to have one or more authoritative name servers, usually consisting of one primary name server and several secondary name servers. These name servers are expected to synchronize zone data using DNS’s zone transfer protocols, but the configuration of these synchronization relationships depends upon out of band information and manual proce...

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran [email protected] 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper the real time operation of an automatic teller machine (ATM) is analyzed using a Timed Petri Net (TPN) model. In the modeling, the probabili...