It is shown that a symmetrical vortex pair consisting of equal and opposite vortices approaching a plane wall at right angles must approach the wall monotonically in the absence of viscous effects. An approximate calculation is carried out for uniform vortices in which the vortices are assumed to be deformed into ellipses whose axis ratio is determined by the local rate of strain according to t...

The Maxmin Expected Utility decision rule suggests that the decision maker can be characterized by a utility function and a set of prior probabilities, such that the chosen act maximizes the minimal expected utility, where the minimum is taken over the priors in the set. Gilboa and Schmeidler axiomatized the maxmin decision rule in an environment where acts map states of nature into simple lott...

Data mining is the process of extracting patterns from data. A main step in this process is referred to as data classification. In this work, we investigate the use of the Cell-DEVS formalism for classifying data. The cells in a Cell-DEVS based grid are individually very simple but together they can represent complex behavior and are capable of self-organization. Three classifier models are imp...

We investigate a problem whether self-reproduction is possible in a two-dimensional \re-versible" cellular space, and give an aarmative answer. A reversible (or injective) cellular automaton (RCA) is a CA such that every connguration has at most one predecessor. In order to design an RCA we use a framework of partitioned cellular automaton (PCA). A PCA with von Neumann neighborhood is a special...

BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that neighborhood environments are related to depressive mood in the general population. Older adults may be even more vulnerable to neighborhood factors than other adults. The aim of this paper is to review empirical findings on the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and depressive mood among older adults. METHODS A search of the literatur...

We provide two different neighborhood construction techniques for creating exponentially large neighborhoods that are searchable in polynomial time using dynamic programming. We illustrate both of these approaches on very large scale neighborhood search techniques for the traveling salesman problem. Our approaches unify previously known results and offer schemas for generating additional expone...

PURPOSE Test for a causal relationship between neighborhood design and physical activity within the neighborhood by controlling for self-selection. DESIGN Cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal analyses of residents of selected neighborhoods. SETTING Eight Northern California neighborhoods. SUBJECTS Random sample of 1682 adults stratified by movers (moved within 1 year) and nonmovers (mov...

BACKGROUND Studies of associations between neighborhood environments and blood pressure (BP) have relied on imprecise characterizations of neighborhoods. This study examines associations between SBP and DBP and a neighborhood typology based on numerous residential environment characteristics. METHODS Data from the Residential Environment and Coronary Heart Disease Study involving 7290 partici...

sports spaces are the most important services in the city, that have a significant role in raising physical and mental health citizens. after studying the existing sports spaces in the neighborhood, district, region and city of zanjan, determined levels and percapita sport spaces of zanjan city. a total of 19 spaces sports zanjan city, 9 sport spaces neighborhood-scale, 6 sport spaces district ...