INTRODUCTION Infecting microorganisms of the root canals are difficult to eliminate during endodontic treatment. In this study the effect of root canal disinfection with photodynamic therapy (PDT) at different time intervals in comparison to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in extracted teeth colonized with Enterococcus faecalis and Candida alb...

abstract turf grass as a main grown cover plant has a unique place in green space planning. in order to study the effect of hydrogel and paclobutrazol on water requirement of turfgrasse (lolium perenne l. barbal) a factorial experiment based on a brcd with 3 replication was conducted in the summer of 2010 in mashhad. the factors under study were 4 levels of hydrogel (0, 3, 6, 9 gr/kg soil), 3 l...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water irrigation on heat dissipation kinetics following abutment preparation of 1-piece dental implants. UNO 1-piece dental implants were mounted on Plexiglas apparatus clamping the implant at the collar. T-type thermocouple was attached to the first thread of the implant and recorded thermal changes at 100 millisecond intervals. Implants were...

Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) grown in a Mediterranean climate depends on regular irrigation throughout the growing season. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the changes in carbohydrate storage and utilization by mature, field-grown apple trees in response to water availability to the trees and to the level of cropping. Fourteen-year-old apple trees cv. 'Golden Delicious' w...

for comparison the growth characteristics and quantitative and qualitative yield of two summer savory species (such as satureja khuzestanica and s. rechingeri) in response to rainfed and irrigated conditions, an experiment was carried out on the basis of split-plot design in completely randomized block design with three replicates in north of khuzestan during growing season of 2012-2013. irriga...

Six patients had penetrating keratoplasty following thermokeratoplasty (TKP) at different time intervals. The standard temperature used was between 90 degree and 95 degree C. with constant saline irrigation. The corneal buttons were studied by light and electron microscopy. Immediate changes observed included epithelial necrosis, marked degneration of keratocytes, and endothelial edema. After 2...

under condition of limited water supply, determination of minimum water requisite to keep potential yield should be considered as an important target. with this respect, a field experiment was conducted at research farm of university college of agriculture and natural resources, university of tehran, in 2012-2013, karaj, iran. the experiment was conducted in a split plot, based on randomized co...

Although the term precision irrigation is now quite widely used, often to mean drip irrigation, there is no commonly accepted definition or conceptualisation of the term, and no cohesive framework to guide research, development or adoption. This paper is reporting on a review of precision irrigation funded by NPSI. This review is considering the role of current irrigation application technologi...