Former Professor of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Urology Journal is the only urological journal published in English in Iran that is distributed internationally. It was deemed advisable to review the history of Iranian urology in this journal. Since the history of urology in Iran is inseparably related to Sina Hospital, I tried to gather information on the founda...

ghajar era opened up a new chapter in the life of iranian women; as a result of intellectual growth in this period iranian women got a chance to enter social scenes more than before, and their role appeared in social and cultural events. constitutional discourse, social development and resultant freedom created a chance for women to openly express their perspectives and try to realize them; pub...

Background: As Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) rates continue to rise in the U.S., management remains limited with lack of adequate markers to diagnose patients at early stage when there is curative therapy. Hyper methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the promoter region of inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase 4A (INK4A) has been shown to be a potential biomarker associated with HCC. Additional labor...

Pathology and Bacteriology. Edited by German Sims Woodhead, M.D. Vol. I. Nos. I. and II. Edinburgh : Young J. Pentland. 1892. There has long been felt the want of a publication containing reports of experimental and bacteriological research in pathology, and which shall appeal to a larger circle of readers, and be of more general interest than are the proceedings of the Pathological Society. Th...

The applications and advantages of the cryostat are receiving increasing recognition for the preparation of fresh frozen sections for histochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, and surgical or autopsy pathology.' " With the cryostat, it is possible to prepare thin unwrinkled sections of single or multiple pieces of fresh tissue. Tissues that are very difficult to cut by means of the conventional ...

Background & Objective: Autoimmune bullous diseases are associated with autoimmunity against structural components in the skin and mucous membranes. Autoantibodies are against the intercellular junctions in pemphigus disease and hemidesmosomal unchoring complex in pemphigiod diseases and epidermolysis bullosa aquisita. The tissue-bound and circulating serum autoantibodies can be detected with d...