regarding the ever evolving and improving world on different aspects of knowledge, the need to a worldwide communication would emerge stronger than ever before which calls for special attention on the judgments and best choices for intermediating between the nations. as the language skills for translation are tested separately from translation skills themselves, to assess translation skills pro...

In the West, the history of writing on art goes back to the classical antiquity but writing art history began with Giorgio Vasari’s 16th-century pioneering work on the artists’ biographies. In the present article, the authors follow the preliminary conditions that led to the birth and development of art history in the western world. The first important comparison is between the birth time of ar...

charles dickens was a voracious reader even in his childhood. his early reading of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century picaresque fiction greatly influenced his writing style. his first novel, the pickwick papers, is a tale of rogues and swindlers, adventures and quests, satire and comedy, and innocence and experience. oliver twist, dickens’ second novel, is a young boy’s progress through a cor...

Chaharbagh Mosque-school of Isfahan, being one of the most important monuments of Shah Soltan Hossein in the Safavid era, is of chief importance regarding its structure and decorations. The inscriptions are the most prominent features of the art treasure of the Safavid era, that are the best in terms of quality and variety compared to other monuments of the same period. The present study attemp...

“Garden” and “Carpet” are the most expressive Iranian artworks rooted in Iran’s culture and civilization which show beliefs, values and interests of Iranian artists, both garden and carpet designers. This paper studies the relations between these two valuable arts in Iran. At first the background of two fields has been reviewed and then the designs of historical ga...

abstract the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of applying the principles of group-dynamic assessment (g-da) on learning of conditional structures in english by iranian efl learners at the intermediate level, which according to the formal educational system in iran, includes students who are in their second year of studying in high schools of koohdasht city. this study was a qua...

apart from other aspects, desert is a natural environment and is one of the appealing terrestrial elements. putting its symbolic and fictional senses aside, the term “desert” bears mystic sense more than material sense. in addition to the worlds materialistic experiences, desert has attracted the attention of writers because it creates a kind of inner experience, which returns the individual in...

this study aimed to investigate the effects of listening strategy training on iranian efl learners listening comprehension and use of such strategies. this work, employing an experimental methodology, was conducted among 60 adult efl learners from a language institute in isfahan, iran, as participants. the participants, who were selected based on the results of a placement test, were assigned t...