We determined the attitudes of men and women in the Islamic Republic of Iran to the husband's presence in the delivery room. We randomly selected 150 couples awaiting delivery in 2002 and interviewed them with a standardized questionnaire. Mean ages and standard deviations (SD) of women and men were 26 (SD 4) and 30 (SD 5) years respectively. Most had high school diplomas or higher. Most women ...

This report presents statistics on age at marriage, number of children ever born, length of interval between births, and expected completed family size according to indicators of women's participation in the U.S. labor force, such as employment, occupation, and earnings. The statistics, presented in tables, are based on personal interviews with a nationally representative sample of currently m...

Human capital production in the U.S. economy is no longer what it used to be. Graduation rates for high school and college have fallen (Card and Lemieux 2001; Heckman and Lafontaine 2007). As a result, the rate of growth of the stock of human capital has slowed considerably (Goldin and Katz 2008). At the same time, other countries are improving their educational attainment. Although the United ...

iranian women's economic participation rate is similar to undeveloped countries, while their educational achievements can be compared with developed countries. the aim of this article is to discuss some of the factors related to the situation. according to the policies of third development plan, the rate of employment in government sector should decline and the opportunities for new employ...

— Women and men often receive the same percentage increase in their wage rates with advances in schooling. Because these returns decline with more schooling, the marginal returns for women will tend to exceed those for men, especially in countries where women are much less educated. The health and schooling of children are more closely related to their mother’s education than father’s. More edu...

The paper studies a class of games, “All-Pay Contests”, which captures general asymmetries and sunk investments inherent in scenarios such as lobbying, competition for market power, labor-market tournaments, and R&D races. Players compete for one of several identical prizes by choosing a score. Conditional on winning or losing, it is weakly better to do so with a lower score. This formulation a...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Women comprise a large percentage of the workforce in industrial countries. In Europe and many other places in the world, women of reproductive age comprise a significant proportion of the workforce at the workplaces, and the rules and regulations require employers to evaluate and minimize health risks to pregnant women. In U.K, 70%, and in the United States 59% of women...

This paper analyzes the connections between three concurrent trends since 1950: (1) the narrowing and reversal of the educational gender gap; (2) the increasing labor force participation rate (LFPR) of married women; (3) the rising incidence of children living with only one parent. We hypothesize that the education production for boys is more adversely affected by a decrease in parental time in...

While there are many positive societal implications of increased female labor force opportunities, some theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that working can increase a woman’s risk of suffering domestic violence. Using a dataset collected in peri-urban Dhaka, this analysis documents a positive correlation between work and domestic violence. This correlation is only present among w...

In this paper, we present an equilibrium model of the market for higher education. Our model simultaneously predicts student selection into institutions of higher education, financial aid, educational expenditures, and educational outcomes. We show that the model gives rise to a strict hierarchy of colleges that differ by the educational quality provided to the students. We develop an algorithm...