It is well known that finite commutative association schemes in the sense of the monograph of Bannai and Ito lead to finite commutative hypergroups with positive dual convolutions and even dual hypergroup structures. In this paper we present several discrete generalizations of association schemes which also lead to associated hypergroups. We show that discrete commutative hypergroups associated...

Hypergroups are generalizations of groups. If this binary operation is taken to be multivalued, then we arrive at a hypergroup. The motivation for generalization of the notion of group resulted naturally from various problems in non-commutative algebra, another motivation for such an investigation came from geometry. In various branches of mathematics we encounter important examples of topologi...

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of human death and disability while clinical treatments are limited. The adult brain possesses endogenous regenerative activities that may benefit tissue repair after stroke. Trophic factors such as stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) are upregulated in the ischemic brain, which promote endogenous regeneration. The regenerative response, however, is n...

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and human fibroblasts by the retroviral transduction of four transcription factors. However, the cell origins and molecular mechanisms of iPS cell induction remain elusive. This report describes the generation of iPS cells from adult mouse hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. These iPS cell clones appear to be equivalent t...

The recent development of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology brings cell and gene therapies to patients one large step closer to reality. Technical improvements in various research fields sometimes come together fortuitously, leading to approaches to treating disease. If iPS cell technology continues to progress smoothly as expected and is actually applied to patients, the next logi...

In this paper, we give an extension of the Wendel's theorem on KPC-hypergroups. We also show that every translation invariant mapping is corresponding with a unique positive measure on the KPC-hypergroup.

In this paper we introduce the notions of fuzzy transposition hypergroupsand fuzzy regular relations and investigate their basic properties.We also study fuzzy quotient hypergroups of a fuzzy transposition hypergroup.

In this paper, we study the strength of aggregation cuts for sign-pattern integer programs (IPs). Sign-pattern IPs are a generalization of packing IPs and are of the form {x ∈ Z+ | Ax ≤ b} where for a given column j, Aij is either non-negative for all i or non-positive for all i. Our first result is that the aggregation closure for such sign-pattern IPs can be 2-approximated by the original 1-r...

Nuclear reprogramming enables patient-specific derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult tissue. Yet, iPS generation from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been demonstrated. Here, we report reproducible iPS derivation of epidermal keratinocytes (HK) from elderly T2D patients. Transduced with human OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC stemness factors under serum-free and fe...