BACKGROUND The major complications arising from vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty are related to leakage of cement beyond the confines of the collapsed vertebral body. Traditionally, a liquid (low viscosity) cement is used in most vertebroplasty systems available on the market, coupled with mechanical injection devices or one mL syringes. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fe...

1) Introduction Recent systems are built of MOSFET transistors. Here, MO stands for metal oxide and FE for field effect. This means, that – in contrast to bipolar transistors – the gate is isolated by a metal oxide (today SiO2) and the channel is just controlled by the field through this oxide. Thus theoretically, the principal of MOSFET devices is that there is no current flowing through the g...

abstract radionuclide cisternography (rnc) is of potential value in pointing out the sites of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) leakage in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (sih). in the current report, we present two patients who underwent rnc for suspected csf leakage. both patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and rnc for evaluation. we describe a simple method to incr...

Understanding and modeling leakage in the context of cryptographic systems (connecting physical protection of keys and cryptographic operation) is an emerging area with many missing issues and hard to understand aspects. In this work we initiate the study of leakage out of cryptographic devices when the operation is inherently replicated in multiple locations. This setting (allowing the adversa...

Frost damage to the flowers and early developing fruits is one of the most limiting factors in almond cultivation regions of the world. This study was undertaken to understand almond response to frost damage concerning ion leakage in order to develop a criterion for the selection of frost-resistant cultivars in field experiments. In this work, 60 almond cultivars and genotypes on the basis fros...

The defect-free IDDQ has two major components: (i) the reverse biased p-n junction leakage current, and (ii) the transistor sub-threshold leakage (off) current. The reverse biased p-n junction leakage current can be further divided into two segments: state dependent, and state independent. The state dependent component p-n junction leakage current depends on the reverse biasing of the p-n junct...

This paper contributes to the recent literature on the Green Paradox (Hoel, 2011 and Harstad, 2012) that distinguishes between regulated and unregulated regions in a Hotelling framework. In our model, different grades of oil are characterized by different costs, emission factors, and underground reserves; furthermore, the clean backstop experiences cost-reducing technical change. As a result, e...

In this paper, the effect of gate tunneling current in ultra-thin gate oxide MOS devices of effective length (Le ) of 25 nm ( oxide thickness = 1 1 nm), 50 nm ( oxide thickness = 1 5 nm) and 90 nm ( oxide thickness = 2 5 nm) is studied using device simulation. Overall leakage in a stack of transistors is modeled and the opportunities for leakage reduction in the standby mode of operation are ex...

We present a new approach to construct several leakage-resilient cryptographic primitives, including leakage-resilient public-key encryption (PKE) schemes, authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols and low-latency key exchange (LLKE) protocols. To this end, we introduce a new primitive called leakage-resilient non-interactive key exchange (LR-NIKE) protocol. We introduce a generic security mod...

A variety of alcohols readily add to 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran under solvent free conditions in the presence of catalytic amount of acidic ionic liquid [Et3N(CH2)4SO3H][OTs] to afford the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ethers in good to excellent yields at room temperature. The use of this procedure allows easy separation of the desired products ...