Analyses of samples of the raw materials locally available for use in the Eaton (Hopewell) Furnace indicate that the iron ore and bituminous coal were of good smelting quality while the limestone (flux) was not. The limestone had a much higher then desirable silica content and a low calcium content. The limestone was insufficient to the task of removing impurities introduced through the fuel co...

In iron ore pelletizing plants a range of process parameters such as particle size distribution, specific surface area, and moisture, must be controlled to achieve optimized operation conditions. Particle size distribution and specific surface area are controlled during the grinding operations. Moisture, however, is controlled during filtration of the ground products. This work investigates the...

The iron ore railway in northern Scandinavia is a single track line that stretches from the Gulf of Bothnia to the Norwegian Sea. Mixed traffic on a single-track railway makes the traffic sensitive and prone to disturbances. To improve punctuality and efficiency in the traffic flow, the link between disturbances and their impacts on train delays needs to be analysed and understood more precisel...

The present investigation deals with the recovery of iron values from the screw classifier overflow slimes from an iron ore washing plant by means of reverse cationic flotation as an alternate to direct anionic flotation. Selectivity index, an indicator of separation efficiency, was chosen as the response parameter for optimizing the quantity and evaluating a series of generically same but chem...

The surface geochemistry techniques widely employed during the 1960’s to 1980’s are effective at discovering near-surface deposits, but are largely ineffective for exploring under deep cover or for deep extensions of known mineralisation in a near-mine environment. Instead, mineral explorers must focus their attention on rapidly aggregating and synthesising disparate data to build into holistic...

The maintenance of satellite and spatial data quality is an important task and escalating interest amongst geospatial community. The visualization of perfect earth surface features by relative response of spectral signatures in the remotely sensed satellite data is unique domain. The present work deals to identify and visualize the certainty and uncertainties that are occurred during the interp...

The ores of chromite, nickel, copper, and zinc show a wide distribution over geologic time, but those of iron, titanium, lead, uranium, gold, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, and tin are more restricted. Many of the limitations to specific time intervals are probably imposed by the evolving tectonic history of Earth interacting with the effects of the biomass on the evolution of the earth's s surf...

This paper introduces a neural network approach to the problem of ore grade estimation. The system under consideration consists of three neural network modules each responsible for a different area of the deposit, depending on the sampling density. Octant and quadrant search is used as a way of presenting input patterns to the modules. Both radial basis function networks and multi-layered perce...

The demands for increasing the efficiency and lowering the environmental effects in iron and steelmaking industries have given rise to interests in application of direct reduction (DR) processes for production of iron by different gases. These advancements require comprehensive models for better control of the process conditions and the product properties. In the present thesis fundamental aspe...

The mortality of 1947 Cumbrian iron ore miners has been studied over the period 1939-82 in relation to that among other groups of men in England and Wales: (a) all men, (b) men of similar social class, and (c) men living in similar types of (mainly rural) area. Significant excesses were found for deaths from tuberculosis and respiratory diseases compared with each of the reference populations. ...