Ontario as a small open economy has many fiscal levers and programs that could create and enhance its distinctive advantages in the North American global economies. Better tax policies and public services can encourage work, investment and more effective use of resources. In this paper, we examine expenditure and tax policies for Ontario in comparison to some other provinces and the United Stat...

Alam Cipta Vol 6 (1) June 2013 ABSTRACT This document describes a conceptual methodology to investigate the dynamics of “bottom-up” green infrastructure (GI) investment in tropical urban areas. This approach seeks to develop a methodology of study to understand what policies may lead to more efficient investment policies that lead to a sustainable urban setting. Agent-based Modeling (ABM) was u...

Article history: Received 1 August 2012 Received in revised form 26 September 2013 Accepted 3 November 2013 Available online xxxx While stock options are commonly used in managerial compensation to provide desirable incentives, they can create adverse incentives to distort the choice of investment risk. Relative to the risk level that maximizes firm value, call options in a compensation contrac...

Poor sanitation contributes to morbidity and mortality in the developing world, but there is disagreement on what policies can increase sanitation coverage. To measure the effects of alternative policies on investment in hygienic latrines, we assigned 380 communities in rural Bangladesh to different marketing treatments-community motivation and information; subsidies; a supply-side market acces...

In a continuous time stochastic economy, this paper considers the problem of consumption and investment in a financial market in which the representative investor exhibits a change in the discount rate. The investment opportunities are a stock and a riskless account. The market coefficients and discount factor switches according to a finite state Markov chain. The change in the discount rate le...

46 Finance & Development / September 1998 OVERTY is both more widespread and more persistent in the Philippines than in neighboring ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) countries. While the poverty rate has decreased in the Philippines over the past 25 years, the decline has been slower than in other ASEAN countries. Some of the blame for the Philippines’ slow progress in reducing th...

We study the impact of timing and commitment on adaptation and mitigation policies in the context of international environmental problems. Adaptation policies present the characteristics of a private good and may require a prior investment, while mitigation policies produce a public good. By developing a stylized model, where some countries coordinate their actions while others do not, we evalu...

States are reacting to increased Medicaid drug costs by implementing cost-control policies, such as preferred drug lists (PDLs) and prior authorization. PDLs have risks as well as benefits. Targeting essential drug classes with heterogeneous patient responses and side effects could reduce appropriate care, adversely affect health status, and cause shifts to more costly types of care. Assessing ...

Redistributive taxation and education subsidies are common policies intended to foster education attendance of poor children. However, this paper shows that in an intergenerational framework, these policies can raise social mobility only for some investment situations but not in general. I also study the impact of both policies on the aggregate skill ratio and inequality. While redistributive t...