Elucidating the mechanisms by which honey bees process pollen vs. protein supplements are important in the generation of artificial diets needed to sustain managed honeybees. We measured the effects of diet on protein concentration, hypopharyngeal gland development and virus titers in worker honey bees fed either pollen, a protein supplement (MegaBee), or a protein-free diet of sugar syrup. Wor...

The organophosphate insecticide coumaphos has recently received emergency approval in the United States for control of fluvalinate-resistant Varroa destructor and the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray. We investigated the transfer of coumaphos from wax into syrup and honey, using adsorption of coumaphos from diluted syrup or honey onto a solid-phase extraction cartridge, elution, and sub...

OBJECTIVE Liquid medicines are easy to swallow. However, they may have disadvantages, such as a bad taste or refrigerated storage conditions. These disadvantages may be avoided by the use of oral solid medicines, such as powders or tablets. The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of and preference among four oral formulations in domiciliary infants and preschool children in T...

Cough is a frequent symptom associated to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and, although being self-limiting, it might deeply affect the quality of life. Homeopathic products are often employed by patients to treat cough, but the evidence on their efficacy is scarce. Thus, we tested the efficacy of a homeopathic syrup in treating cough arising from URTIs with a randomized, double blin...

Xanthomonas campestris was used for producing xanthan gum using date syrup, prepared from low quality dates, as a substrate. Fermentation was carried out with date syrup and sucrose syrup at 28 ˚C and pH 6.8 in a rotary benmarin shaker (240 rpm). The effect of fermentation period (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h) on xanthan gum production was studied. The results showed that EPS concentration increase...

Date syrup powder is a new product which can be used as sugar substitute. First, the date syrupwas spread out on a foil and placed in the oven at 60°C for 24 hours. Date syrup was separated from the foil andgrinded. 2% agar and 2% starch were added and syrup with agar and starch that was in a lumpy shape werecrushed and spread on the foil and placed at 60°C for 24 hours. Powdered granules, agar...

In the Indian subcontinent, turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) is widely grown and consumed as a spice. Traditional medicine has used to treat variety of ailments, such diabetes, liver disease, cough. Many studies have been conducted over past decades determine pharmacological effects its derivatives. The main chemical component turmeric, curcumin, shown properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti...

US domestic sugar prices have been maintained substantially above world prices engendering sugar substitutes (notably high fructose corn syrup, HFCS) to be sold at a discount to sugar Ð a discount of 10 Ð 30% (Greer, 1991; USDA, 1990). Sugar substitutes have been successful in capturing as much as 42% of the US caloric sweetener market by 1984 (Leu, Schmitz and Knutson, 1987). This paper invest...