The increasing cost of fuel, as well as the impact of climate change, has dramatically increased the interest in alternative fuel sources. Biofuel production from algae is an area of keen on-going research. A key element in this research involves monitoring algal growth under a variety of conditions over time. Here we describe the use of the SynergyTM H4 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader to monitor ...

The GABA projection neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are output neurons for the basal ganglia and thus critical for movement control. Their most striking neurophysiological feature is sustained, spontaneous high frequency spike firing. A fundamental question is: what are the key ion channels supporting the remarkable firing capability in these neurons? Recent studies indica...

We propose a new method to constrain the actual state of the interstellar cloud that surrounds the solar system. Using Voyager UVS Lyman-α sky maps and the powerful principle of invariance, we derive the H distribution all along the spacecraft path. Provided current models of the heliopause interface between the solar and the interstellar winds, we extrapolate this distribution to farther dista...

There has been considerable work done in the study of Web reference streams: sequences of requests for Web objects. In particular, many studies have looked at the locality properties of such streams, because of the impact of locality on the design and performance of caching and prefetching systems. However, a general framework for understanding why reference streams exhibit given locality prope...

The observation of intrinsic structural, electrical, and thermal properties from measurements on single-crystal specimens of clathrate-II Na24Si136 is reported, revealing metallic conduction in agreement with electronic structure calculations. Low-temperature heat capacity measurements corroborate a substantial electronic density of states at the Fermi level, and reveal an Einstein-like mode th...

The mechanical stability properties of hindlimb-hindlimb wiping movements of the spinalized frog were examined. One hindlimb, the wiping limb, was implanted with 12 electromyographic (EMG) electrodes and attached to a robot that both recorded its trajectory and applied brief force perturbations. Cutaneous electrical stimulation was applied to the other hindlimb, the target limb, to evoke the hi...

This paper presents an approach to estimate the intrinsic texture properties (albedo, shading, normal) of scenes from multiple view acquisition under unknown illumination conditions. We introduce the concept of intrinsic textures, which are pixel-resolution surface textures representing the intrinsic appearance parameters of a scene. Unlike previous video relighting methods, the approach does n...

The dorsoventral and developmental gradients of entorhinal layer II cell grid properties correlate with their resonance properties and with their hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channel current characteristics. We investigated whether such correlation existed in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, where place fields also show spatial and temporal gradients. Resona...

A method for calculating fully anharmonic vibrational state counts, state densities, and partition functions for molecules is presented. The method makes use of a new quantity, the intrinsic density of states, which is associated with the states that uniquely arise from a given mode, mode pairing, or higher-order mode coupling. By using only low-order intrinsic densities, the fully coupled anha...

The present paper describes a study developed with the purpose of inspecting the intrinsic acoustic properties of vowels of stressed syllables in European Portuguese (with minor considerations about semi-vowels as well). The features we studied are fundamental frequency and duration. As in other languages, to some extent, these properties depend on vowel quality and context. The study addresses...