PURPOSE By optimizing the protocol for intravitreal injections, the risk of endophthalmitis can be minimized. This study assesses the incidence of endophthalmitis and other complications after a consecutive series of intravitreal injections where all antibiotics were excluded. METHODS Injections were performed from August 1, 1997 to October 31, 2012 in outpatient examination rooms at the Reti...

Abstract We evaluated changes in the complement system resulting from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) eyes with age-related choroidal neovascularization (CNV) including neovascular macular degeneration, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, and polypoidal neovasculopathy. measured concentrations of activation products (C3a, C4a), VEGF, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 aqueous humor during ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the functional and anatomic outcomes of progressive outer retinal necrosis treated with intravitreal ganciclovir sodium injections. METHODS A retrospective, interventional case series of all patients fitting established clinical diagnostic criteria for progressive outer retinal necrosis was conducted at a single institution in South Africa. Eyes with salvageable vision w...

Diabetic macular edema is considered the most important factor related to visual impairment in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Together with the use of grid and focal laser photocoagulation, today the intravitreal administration of pharmacotherapies represents the standard of care for the treatment of this complication: anti-vascular endothelium growth factor agents and steroids are the dru...

To study its safety and efficacy in treating cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, an AIDS patient received an intravitreal injection of liposome encapsulated ganciclovir in the right eye. The left eye served as a control, receiving intravitreal free ganciclovir. The right eye showed no retinal haemorrhages or detachment; however, vision declined initially, stabilising later. Weekly examination show...

Intravitreal triamcinolone is administered for a wide number of vitreoretinal conditions. Several complications including cataract formation, raised intraocular pressure, and endophthalmitis have been reported following intravitreal injections. We report a rare case wherein triamcinolone was inadvertently injected directly into the crystalline lens. A 41-year-old male presented to us with a his...

There is growing interest in intravitreal injections of chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. However, concerns for potential tumor seeding through the needle track has prompted the use of risk-reducing precautionary methods. Presented here is a novel technique, which can be easily replicated, requires minimal sophisticated equipment and with laboratory data supporting its concept. Sterile distilled...

INTRODUCTION We describe the case of a man who died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. CASE PRESENTATION A 74-year-old Korean man presented with visual disturbance in his right eye. He had previously been diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension, which were controlled with oral medications. W...

Macular edema is the leading cause of visual impairment in patients with retinal vein occlusion. Limited improvements may be obtained with laser photocoagulation or intravitreal triamcinolone. However, according to the data provided by randomized clinical trials, intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) constitute a new effective and safe option for ...

INTRODUCTION Many ocular diseases require intravitreal injections of pharmacological agents. Optimizing patients' experiences during injections is important to ensure compliance and maintenance of quality of life. The objective of this study was to identify strategies to help alleviate discomfort during intravitreal injections. METHODS A cross-sectional study surveying 128 patients during cli...