AIMS Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of blindness. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor is used to prevent further neovascularization due to wet AMD. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect and protocol of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment on wet AMD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Emba...

Intravenous injection of angiogenesis-inhibitor drugs is used widely to treat cancers. Associated renal complications primarily involve proteinuria and hypertension, and thrombotic microangiopathies also have been described. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy currently is used by ophthalmologists to treat neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. H...

PURPOSE To investigate the clearance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after the induction of posterior vitreous detachment by plasmin and/or SF(6). METHODS The study design included four groups of rabbits: group 1 received an intravitreal injection of plasmin and SF(6) in the right eye, group 2 received an intravitreal injection of plasmin in the right eye, group 3 received an int...

Objective: To compare the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT) alone with combined intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT) and intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on central macular thickness (CMT) in patients of diabetic macular edema (DME). Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Jun 2013 to Dec 2013. Material and Methods: Eighty...

OBJECTIVE To determine if prophylactic use of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication is effective in reducing the IOP spikes after intravitreal injections of pegaptanib, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. METHODS Seventy-one patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration received intravitreal injections of 1 of 3 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications: 30 patients re...

PURPOSE Senile scleral plaques (SSP) are sharply demarcated greyish areas located just anterior to the insertions of the horizontal rectus muscles and thus are frequently encountered during transscleral intravitreal injections. The aim of this study was to characterize SSP using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a cohort of patients at...

BACKGROUND The number of patients treated with intravitreal injections has increased significantly over the past few years, mainly following the introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody intraocular drugs. Bevacizumab is mostly used in this group of medications. OBJECTIVES To describe persistent elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) following intravitreal injection of...

We present a case of acute endophthalmitis caused by Leuconostoc spp. following intravitreal bevacizumab injection. An 86-year-old immunocompetent female developed acute endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The patient presented with pain, visual acuity of hand motions, hypopyon, and dense vitritis 96 h after treatment. Sh...

AIM To report a patient with diabetic rubeosis who suffered from acute retinal ischemic change and stroke after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. METHODS A 55-year-old man had diabetes with unilateral rubeosis and macular edema. Three days after receiving intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg in 0.1 ml), he developed acute vision loss and change of consciousness. A complete ocul...

PURPOSE To examine the safety of a single intravitreal injection of autologous bone Marrow Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with advanced retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS A prospective, phase I, nonrandomized, open-label study was conducted on 3 eyes of 3 volunteers with advanced RP. Visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, fundus auto...