Colonoscopy is typically performed with sedation. Intravenous benzodiazepines with or without opioids have long been used to induce sedation for both colonoscopy and more complex endoscopic procedures. In recent years, we have observed a rapid transformation from the use of opioids and benzodiazepines to sedation with propofol in Western countries.1 However, most endoscopy centers in the Middle...

BACKGROUND Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) has been suggested as an alternative method for sedative colonoscopy. However, as any new techniques, PCS introduction as a potential alternative to traditional intravenous sedation (IVS) has brought about challenges. To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages between PCS and IVS more comprehensively, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analy...

For more than 30 years, sedation using benzodiazepines, combined or not with opioids, has been used as a standard regimen for gastrointestinal endoscopy; it is usually referred to as traditional sedation. Sedation management in gastrointestinal endoscopy varies between European countries according to the different legal frameworks and different healthcare systems. In the majority of European co...

Pulmonary aspiration occurred in 16 out of 65 patients (24.6%) undergoing fibre-endoscopic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract under intravenous sedation, but it was rarely followed by serious complications. Aspiration was found to occur under sedation with diazepam alone, diazepam with atropine, and with chlormethiazole. The most important factors contributing to aspiration are th...

The efficacy of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic, ketorolac (Toradol), was investigated in 52 day case patients undergoing removal of impacted third molar teeth under intravenous sedation and local analgesia. The study was double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled. A single 30 mg dose of ketorolac was administered intravenously just prior to induction of sedation with midazol...

Abstract A 615 kg, 20‐year‐old, male, neutered Dutch warmblood horse was admitted for complete removal of incisor teeth under sedation. The sedated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg) and several intravenous detomidine boli (total dose 0.008 mg/kg), followed by constant rate infusion. At the beginning surgery (47 minutes after starting sedation), retched coughed out haemorrhagic fluid. ...

A 6-year-old boy was scheduled for thoracic magnetic resonance imaging under deep sedation with midazolam 1.8 mg and propofol 100 µg/kg/min via intravenous injection. He showed emergence delirium in the post-anesthesia care unit. The staff attempted to calm him by administering flumazenil as an antidote for midazolam, propofol for further sedation, and meperidine. However, this was not successf...

Propofol is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia as well as for sedation of intubated, mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care units (ICU). Propofol is characterized by a phenolic structure similar to that of α-tocopherol, and presents antioxidant properties that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of...

conclusions both intravenous and epidural analgesic techniques with combination of analgesics provide proper postoperative pain control after major gynecologic cancer surgeries without any significant complications. regarding lower sedative and respiratory depressant effects of epidural analgesia, it seems that this method is a safer technique for postoperative pain relief in these patients. re...

BACKGROUND Sedation for surgical procedures performed with regional or local anesthesia has usually been achieved with intravenous medications, whereas the use of volatile anesthetics has been limited. The use of sevoflurane for sedation has been suggested because of its characteristics of nonpungency, rapid induction, and quick elimination. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the q...