To the editor: Postoperative pain management is important not only in patient wellbeing, but in recovery. An appropriate strategy for pain management is required in the perioperative period. We read with interest the article on the necessity of intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) in patients undergoing mini mally invasive colorectal surgeries [1]. The authors suggested that IV-PCA...

Background Joint punctures in children require adequate analgesia, sedation or both. Suitable for this are intravenous sedatives (eg propofol, midazolam) and analgetics (eg, ketamine and fentanyl). The use of these substances is safe, but requires an intravenous line, monitoring and followup. Nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) sedation has a long-standing history of safety and success. N2O/O2 has an...

Background: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is usually inserted without muscle relaxants, which requires good jaw relaxation. Previous studies have focused on creating the optimal condition for LMA insertion with different anesthetic adjuncts. This study to determine whether time interval between induction and influences placement conditions. Insertion of at best may decrease complications associat...

Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) conditions require immediate treatment such as the administration of analgesics and sedation, including remifentanil. TBI will affect levels several inflammatory apoptotic proteins MAC, Bax, Bcl-2. Remifentanil with its high affinity to μ-receptors is thought these has neuroprotective properties prevent secondary brain injury. Objectives: Thi...

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) distraction is a nonpharmacological method to prevent acute pain that has not yet been thoroughly explored for anesthesiology. We present our experience using VR distraction to decrease routine intravenous sedation for patients undergoing preoperative perineural catheter insertion. METHODS This 1-month quality improvement project involved all elective unilatera...

This study sought to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of patient controlled intra-nasal (PCIN) fentanyl with oral morphine for procedural wound care in burns patients. A randomised double-blind placebo controlled, two period, two-treatment crossover trial was conducted within the Burns Unit of a major teaching hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Patients requiring identical wound car...

Ketamine, a phencyclidine derivative has got unique set of actions among anaesthetic drugs causing dissociative anaesthesia. It been mainly used for induction anaesthesia and intraoperative analgesia. Recently, there resurge in ketamine owing to its efficacy as an infusion perioperative postoperative The aim this study was compare intravenous with thoracic epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl managing...