It was John Maynard Keynes [13] who first forcibly argued that probabilities cannot be simply ordered. There are cases, he argued, in which the probability of the hypothesis h can be regarded neither as greater than that of hypothesis k, nor less than that of hypothesis k, nor yet equal to that of hypothesis k. Although he did not provide a mathematical structure for his probability values, he ...

The aim of this work is to analyze the interval canonical representation for fuzzy QL-implications and automorphisms. Intervals have been used to model the uncertainty of a specialist’s information related to truth values in the fuzzy propositional calculus: the basic systems are based on interval fuzzy connectives. Thus, using subsets of the real unit interval as the standard sets of truth deg...

In this paper we introduce the notion of interval-valued (∈,∈ ∨qm̃)− fuzzy subquasigroups and present some of their properties. We characterize interval-valued (∈,∈ ∨qm̃)− fuzzy subquasigroups by their level subsets. The implication-based such new fuzzy subquasigroups are also established.

Payoffs in (bimatrix) games are usually not known precisely, but it is often possible to determine lower and upper bounds on payoffs. Such interval valued bimatrix games are considered in this paper. There are many questions arising in this context. First, we discuss the problem of existence of an equilibrium being common for all instances of interval values. We show that this property is equiv...

In this note the notion of interval-valued fuzzy B-algebras (briefly,i-v fuzzy B-algebras), the level and strong level B-subalgebra is introduced.Then we state and prove some theorems which determine the relationshipbetween these notions and B-subalgebras. The images and inverse images ofi-v fuzzy B-subalgebras are defined, and how the homomorphic images andinverse images of i-v fuzzy B-subalge...

in this paper, we define and study the notion of the real-valued functions on a frame $l$. we show that $f(l) $, consisting of all frame homomorphisms from the power set of $mathbb{r}$ to a frame $ l$, is an $f$-ring, as a generalization of all functions from a set $x$ into $mathbb r$. also, we show that $f(l) $ is isomorphic to a sub-$f$-ring of $mathcal{r}(l)$, the ring of real-valued continu...

in this paper,  we introduce  the notion of $m$-fuzzifying interval spaces, and discuss the relationship between $m$-fuzzifying interval spaces and $m$-fuzzifying convex structures.it is proved that  the category  {bf mycsa2}  can be embedded in  the category  {bf  myis}  as a reflective subcategory, where  {bf mycsa2} and   {bf  myis} denote  the category of $m$-fuzzifying convex structures of...

In the recent years, generalizations of support vector methods for analyzing interval-valued data have been suggested in both the regression and classification contexts. Standard Support Vector methods for precise data formalize these statistical problems as optimization problems that can be based on various loss functions. In the case of Support Vector Regression (SVR), on which we focus here,...

The author proposes an extension of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving interval-valued optimization problems and applies the extended PSO to evolutionary training of neural networks (NNs) with interval weights. In the proposed PSO, values in the genotypes are not real numbers but intervals. Experimental results show that interval-valued NNs trained by the proposed method could well a...

In many engineering situations, we need to make decisions under uncertainty. In some cases, we know the probabilities pi of different situations i; these probabilities should add up to 1. In other cases, we only have expert estimates of the degree of possibility μi of different situations; in accordance with the possibility theories, the largest of these degrees should be equal to 1. In practic...