Due to measurement uncertainty, often, instead of the actual values xi of the measured quantities, we only know the intervals xi = [x̃i − ∆i, x̃i + ∆i], where x̃i is the measured value and ∆i is the upper bound on the measurement error (provided, e.g., by the manufacturer of the measuring instrument). These intervals can be viewed as random intervals, i.e., as samples from the interval-valued rand...

Using SERVQUAL, IS service quality was measured twice, at a one year interval, in a large accounting auid information management consulting firm. After the first measurement, IS management used the , results to initiate several actions to improve service quality. The second measurement indicated that service quality improved. The managerial actions that preceded the increase in service quality ...

The measurement of an electromagnetic radiation field by a linearly accelerated observer is discussed. The nonlocality of this process is emphasized. The nonlocal theory of accelerated observers is briefly described and the consequences of this theory are illustrated using a concrete example involving the measurement of an incident pulse of radiation by an observer that experiences uniform acce...

In many practical situations, we know only the intervals which contain the actual (unknown) values of physical quantities. If we know the intervals x for a quantity x and y for another quantity y, then, for every arithmetic operation , the set of possible values of x y also forms an interval; the operations leading from x and y to this new interval are called interval arithmetic operations. For...

Implant failure related to polyethylene wear remains an important issue in total knee arthroplasty. Polyethylene wear is usually assessed in vivo by measuring the remaining insert thickness on X-ray images of the knee. To reflect the amount of wear debris more accurately, a 3-dimensional overlap measurement has been suggested, which is based on implant component models which are matched on cali...

in this paper,  we introduce  the notion of $m$-fuzzifying interval spaces, and discuss the relationship between $m$-fuzzifying interval spaces and $m$-fuzzifying convex structures.it is proved that  the category  {bf mycsa2}  can be embedded in  the category  {bf  myis}  as a reflective subcategory, where  {bf mycsa2} and   {bf  myis} denote  the category of $m$-fuzzifying convex structures of...

Total energy consumption and activity-related energy expenditure (AREE) estimates that have been calibrated using biomarkers to correct for measurement error were simultaneously associated with the risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes among postmenopausal women who were enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative at 40 US clinical centers and followed from 1994 to the present. Ca...

UNLABELLED ENDURANCE ATHLETES INTEGRATE FOUR CONDITIONING CONCEPTS IN THEIR TRAINING PROGRAMS: high-volume training (HVT), "threshold-training" (THR), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a combination of these aforementioned concepts known as polarized training (POL). The purpose of this study was to explore which of these four training concepts provides the greatest response on key com...

background: prolongation of qt interval is one of the most important abnormalities in cardiovascular system of cirrhotic patients. the aim of this survey was determination of propranolol effect on frequency adjusted qt interval (qtc). materials and methods: thirty six cirrhotic patients (m/f=20/16, mean age:56 â± 3.8 years) and 40 healthy age and sex matched controls (m/f=25/15, mean age: 58 â±...

ramadan fasting is one of the most important religious duties of muslims, that its effect on the heart has not been determined yet. our objective was to evaluate the effect of ramadan fasting on ventricular repolarization as assessed by qt interval, corrected qt interval, qt dispersion or corrected qt dispersion. sixthy healthy subjects aged 20 to 35 years were dispersion included in this study...